Patriot Act essays

Capitalism vs. Socialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Free enterprise versus Communism - Essay Example As the paper talks about private enterprise expands rivalry while communism debilitates rivalry. Each nation needs residential food creation for its own national security and freedom. Household food creation can be expanded distinctly with the assistance of rivalry. In nom-contending economies or in communist nations, the nonattendance of rivalry makes individuals lethargic. The assets in this world are fixed while the populace size is expanding. It is hard for the expanding populace to discover better expectations for everyday comforts in the event that they cling to a specific degree of profitability. Communism then again doesn't accept much in rivalry. It chips away at certain illogical standards which may show up great initially. This conversation focuses on that none of the communist world or socialist nations prevailing with regards to accomplishing the targets of communism which is the significant motivation behind why socialism cleared off from Europe and very nearly decimation in different pieces of the world also. Not just China, even Cuba has as of late declared part of monetary renewal approaches which were prior boycotted by these nations as the bi-results of industrialist economy. Free enterprise uses the self control of people, particularly business people, to instigate monetary movement. Private enterprise depends on the presumption that people work dependent on personal circumstance; in any case, by doing so they help themselves, yet in addition move others towards monetary achievement. (Communism versus Capitalism). One of the significant reactions against free enterprise is that it makes two kinds of resident in a nation; rich and poor. Be that as it may, it ought to be noticed that much follow ing quite a while of usage of communist standards, nations like China, Cuba and Soviet Union neglected to lessen the hole between the rich and poor in their region. Then again, it ought to be noticed that entrepreneur nations like America and Britain stay well off, yet in addition prevailing with regards to lessening the hole between t

The Pitfalls of an Undergraduate Degree

The Pitfalls of an Undergraduate Degree Success at University Means Recognizing and Avoiding the Pitfalls Success at University Means Recognizing and Avoiding the Pitfalls Success at university comes easier for some people than others. Success at university is never a guarantee There are obvious things like aptitude which factor in. If you are an economic or engineering major, and mathematics is something you are just naturally good at, you are going to have an easier time at it than the person who has to spend 4 hours in the library following every lecture going over that day’s class. But university can get the best of even the most talented, most intellectually gifted people. When most people enter university straight out of high school, they are entering, for the first time in their lives, a world where they are left almost entirely to their own devices; where they must sink or swim on their own merits no concerned teachers, no family invigilation or oversight; just you. If you are a new university student, or are soon to be one, below are some of the pitfalls to avoid at school if you want to maximize your chances of success, and ensure that your university experience is one you look back on with fond memories and an appreciation for what it took. Partying to much Some people get to university and are overwhelmed by the options for socialization and hedonism. If you go to a large school (especially one that has a reputation for parties), there will likely be something going on every single night of the week. Frosh, and other such opening weeks can seem like a dreamland where every night is a new adventure. New, young, interesting people from all over the world, a seemingly endless lineup of potential romantic partners, games, concerts, pub crawls it is all very easy to get caught up in it. But staying grounded during the first couple weeks of school is crucial. In 2008, 150,000 freshmen students were predicted to drop-out of college because of their drinking. That is not to say you can’t go out for a few drinks with your friends, but if you find it becoming an everyday occurence, or if you know for a fact that you failed to show up for class, or failed to turn in an assignment on time because you chose to go out partying instead of getting your work done, you should rein it in quick. It is easier than you think for bad habits to become normalized, and if letting loose on Friday and Saturday starts to become Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Wednesday, it might be time to ask someone you trust, who will give it to you straight, whether or not your partying is out of control. Aimless wandering It is unfortunate, but true: many university students spend years at school and tens of thousands of dollars (of their own money, their family’s, or borrowed) to learn very little, in disciplines they aren’t interested in. A university education shouldn’t be something you get because you think it’s expected of you; you should want one because you think it will make you a more complete person. Aimless wandering is common on university campuses, and it can eat you alive. Which is why it is important to know that you can, and if you feel completely listless in your current area of study, should, change your major. Expecting new students to already have the next four years of their lives completely mapped out and set in stone is an unfairly tall order. You enter university not really knowing much about what is out there in terms of academic opportunities, and find out, along the way, what you are really interested in. That is why first year (unless you have chosen something in the STEM fields) is typically full of elective courses. You are meant to test the waters and find out what you really like. If you think you want to major in economics, but find yourself captivated by your urban planning, or a social work course, follow your heart and your passion. Competing demands A 2009 Chronicle of Higher Education article entitled “Why do Students Drop Out? Because They Must Work at Jobs Too,” contends that 71 percent of students surveyed in their study consider work to be a factor in their decision to drop out, and more than half considered it a major factor. Life is full of disparities. Not everyone has the luxury of a family that is able and willing to pay for some, most, even all of their university education. As the cost of postsecondary education has skyrocketed over the last several decades, the financial burden of an education has become prohibitive for many smart, hardworking, talented students. Many students take up part-time, even full-time work in some cases, in order to help pay the bills. But full-time school does not really allow for much else. Trying to work a part-time job while attending school full-time is asking a lot from students, and the stress, even the failure to make ends meet can be crushing. If you are a student who is attempting to do both, there will likely be times, especially during midterms and final exam season, when you will be asked to simultaneously fulfil work and school obligations, and it simply won’t be possible. If that is the case, consider contacting a professional essay writing company to help lighten the load. More students graduate university than drop out, so clearly starting and finishing an undergraduate degree is not overly-difficult. You might be forced to take a break for a semester while you collect yourself, or while you save-up enough money to continue your studies, but with dedication, effort, and your natural talent, a four year program should be something you enjoy, and something you look back on with fond memories, and newfound knowledge. If you find yourself struggling, and need a boost while you get back on track, Homework Help Global’s professional custom essay writing service can help ensure you are always set up for success at university. References: Ashburn, E. (2009). “Why do Students Drop Out? Because They Must Work at Jobs Too.” The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from: 49417 Clyde, B. (2008). “Alcohol is a Big Factor in College Dropouts.” Mustang News. Retrieved from: The Pitfalls of an Undergraduate Degree Success at University Means Recognizing and Avoiding the Pitfalls Success at University Means Recognizing and Avoiding the Pitfalls Success at university comes easier for some people than others. Success at university is never a guarantee There are obvious things like aptitude which factor in. If you are an economic or engineering major, and mathematics is something you are just naturally good at, you are going to have an easier time at it than the person who has to spend 4 hours in the library following every lecture going over that day’s class. But university can get the best of even the most talented, most intellectually gifted people. When most people enter university straight out of high school, they are entering, for the first time in their lives, a world where they are left almost entirely to their own devices; where they must sink or swim on their own merits no concerned teachers, no family invigilation or oversight; just you. If you are a new university student, or are soon to be one, below are some of the pitfalls to avoid at school if you want to maximize your chances of success, and ensure that your university experience is one you look back on with fond memories and an appreciation for what it took. Partying to much Some people get to university and are overwhelmed by the options for socialization and hedonism. If you go to a large school (especially one that has a reputation for parties), there will likely be something going on every single night of the week. Frosh, and other such opening weeks can seem like a dreamland where every night is a new adventure. New, young, interesting people from all over the world, a seemingly endless lineup of potential romantic partners, games, concerts, pub crawls it is all very easy to get caught up in it. But staying grounded during the first couple weeks of school is crucial. In 2008, 150,000 freshmen students were predicted to drop-out of college because of their drinking. That is not to say you can’t go out for a few drinks with your friends, but if you find it becoming an everyday occurence, or if you know for a fact that you failed to show up for class, or failed to turn in an assignment on time because you chose to go out partying instead of getting your work done, you should rein it in quick. It is easier than you think for bad habits to become normalized, and if letting loose on Friday and Saturday starts to become Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Wednesday, it might be time to ask someone you trust, who will give it to you straight, whether or not your partying is out of control. Aimless wandering It is unfortunate, but true: many university students spend years at school and tens of thousands of dollars (of their own money, their family’s, or borrowed) to learn very little, in disciplines they aren’t interested in. A university education shouldn’t be something you get because you think it’s expected of you; you should want one because you think it will make you a more complete person. Aimless wandering is common on university campuses, and it can eat you alive. Which is why it is important to know that you can, and if you feel completely listless in your current area of study, should, change your major. Expecting new students to already have the next four years of their lives completely mapped out and set in stone is an unfairly tall order. You enter university not really knowing much about what is out there in terms of academic opportunities, and find out, along the way, what you are really interested in. That is why first year (unless you have chosen something in the STEM fields) is typically full of elective courses. You are meant to test the waters and find out what you really like. If you think you want to major in economics, but find yourself captivated by your urban planning, or a social work course, follow your heart and your passion. Competing demands A 2009 Chronicle of Higher Education article entitled “Why do Students Drop Out? Because They Must Work at Jobs Too,” contends that 71 percent of students surveyed in their study consider work to be a factor in their decision to drop out, and more than half considered it a major factor. Life is full of disparities. Not everyone has the luxury of a family that is able and willing to pay for some, most, even all of their university education. As the cost of postsecondary education has skyrocketed over the last several decades, the financial burden of an education has become prohibitive for many smart, hardworking, talented students. Many students take up part-time, even full-time work in some cases, in order to help pay the bills. But full-time school does not really allow for much else. Trying to work a part-time job while attending school full-time is asking a lot from students, and the stress, even the failure to make ends meet can be crushing. If you are a student who is attempting to do both, there will likely be times, especially during midterms and final exam season, when you will be asked to simultaneously fulfil work and school obligations, and it simply won’t be possible. If that is the case, consider contacting a professional essay writing company to help lighten the load. More students graduate university than drop out, so clearly starting and finishing an undergraduate degree is not overly-difficult. You might be forced to take a break for a semester while you collect yourself, or while you save-up enough money to continue your studies, but with dedication, effort, and your natural talent, a four year program should be something you enjoy, and something you look back on with fond memories, and newfound knowledge. If you find yourself struggling, and need a boost while you get back on track, Homework Help Global’s professional custom essay writing service can help ensure you are always set up for success at university. References: Ashburn, E. (2009). “Why do Students Drop Out? Because They Must Work at Jobs Too.” The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from: 49417 Clyde, B. (2008). “Alcohol is a Big Factor in College Dropouts.” Mustang News. Retrieved from:

Analysis Of Arthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman

Garett Miller Mr. James Mahle THE2000 2 August 2, 2016 Arthur Miller’s Impact Arthur Miller was born in 1915, and he died in 2005. He is possibly the most well-known and influential American playwright. He grew up during the Great Depression, so many of his plays deal with the American middleclass lifestyle. His two most influential works are Death of a Salesman and The Crucible. Death of a Salesman is about the tragic white collar worker, Willy Loman, while The Crucible is about the Salem witch trials. Miller’s first Broadway play, The Man Who Had All the Luck, was a complete failure; however, he kept writing, and he produced his most successful play a few years later. This play was Death of a Salesman. In short, Death of a Salesman follows Willy Loman as he comes to the realization that he is not successful in life. Willy believes that being â€Å"well-liked† is the key to success. He wrongly believes that if people like him, then he will be rich, and he will have a good career. This flawed belief eventually leads to his death. This play is most notably a criticism on the American Dream. Willy’s death shows that the American Dream does not work for everyone. There are various factors that hinder the ability to succeed in life. For Willy, his perception of how to achieve the American dream is the thing that stops him from actually achieving it. The play received virtually universal praise, and by the end of it’s run, Death of a Salesman won six Tony Awards, and a PulitzerShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Death Of A Salesman 1325 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller is one of the most successful and enduring playwrights of the post-war era in America. He focuses on middle-class anxieties since the theme of anxiety and insecurity reflects much of Arthur Miller’s own past. The play addresses loss of identity and a man’s inability to change within him and society (Miller 16). The American Dream has been an idea that has motivated society for centuries. It often times becomes the main theme for many movies, novels, and poems. In, The Death of aRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman 1183 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Alimusa COM 101—FALL 2014 Death of A Salesman Essay Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman offers an instructive example for understanding the production and maintenance of identity through communicative interaction in a family using the character Biff Loman. Throughout the play, we see Biff’s character develop and change. He is in an identity crisis and is trying to understand his place in the Loman family. Biff is constantly seeking the truth about himself. He believes there is more toRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1027 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Tragic Heroism of Biff Loman in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller This literary study will define the tragic heroism of Biff Loman in Arthur Miller’s play The Death of a Salesman. Biff is initially a victim of Willy’s continual harassment to make more money and find a better career. In this family unit, Biff must endure the unrealistic and fantasy-based elusions of his father in his fanatical pursuit of the American Dream. However, Biff soon learns of Willy’s extra-marital betrayalRead MoreQuest For Literary Form : The Greeks Believed That The Tragedy1742 Words   |  7 Pagesof tragedy followed this belief. In the modern times, there has been a change in this view with various authors abandoning the classical form to follow more liberal forms of literacy. (Kennedy Gioia, Pp. 1203) Aristotle s Concept of Tragedy The analysis of Aristotle on tragedy formed the guideline for later poets in the Western civilization. Aristotle defined tragedy as â€Å"the simulation of actions that are stern, containing magnitudes, comprehensive in itself in a suitable andRead MoreFailure Of The American Dream In The Writings Of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zora Neale Hurston, And August Wilson1418 Words   |  6 Pages†American Dream† in the writings of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Arthur Miller, Zora Neale Hurston, and August Wilson. Fitzgerald’s account of the Jay Gatsby s rise to fame in the 1920s defines the failure of financial success as part of the American Dream. Gatsby will eventually die due to his excessive greed, which is not unlike the emotional death of Willy Loman as he fails to become a successful salesman in Author Miller’s Death of a Salesman. More so, Hurston’s depiction of Nanny’s own failures inRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1052 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Miller was one of the leading American playwrights in the 20th century. Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915 in Harlem New York City to Isidore and Augusta Miller (GradeSaver). After graduating from high school, Miller worked a variety of odd jobs including hosting a radio program; this was before the University of Michigan accepted him. At school, he studied journalism, became the night editor of the Michigan Daily, and began experimenting with theater and writing plays. He lived throughRead MoreAmerican Dream Derailed in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman1486 Words   |  6 Pagesimmigrants came to America searching for new opportunities and a better life. In the early 1900’s all people could do is dream; however, those dreams gave many different meanings to the phrase â€Å"American dream†, and for the most part, wealth and hard work play a very large role in the pursuit of â€Å"the dream†. In F. Scott Fitzgeral d’s novel, The Great Gatsby, and Arthur Miller’s drama, Death of a Salesman, both protagonists, Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman, are convinced that the way to achieve a better lifeRead MoreKing Lear and Death of a Salesman Essay672 Words   |  3 Pagessociety and the effect this has on the protagonists; Shakespeare’s King Lear which was first performed in 1606 during the Jacobean era, presents a patriarchal society. Whilst, Arthur Miller uses the characters in ‘Death of a salesman’ to show the failure of the ‘American dream’ during the â€Å"golden era† of America in the late 40’s. The ‘American Dream’ was a set of ideals which suggested that anyone in the US could be successful through hard work, and had the potential to live a happy life. The senseRead MoreImportance Of Modernism In Modern Theatre1042 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1930-s, while theatrical modernism was only gaining popularity. Consequently, theatri cal modernism is a separate phenomenon in the world of arts with its unique features, history of development, and timeline. Because the traces of modernism are a common situation in modern theatre, it can be useful to identify the intentions of dramatists and their dedication to this philosophical idea. For analyzing the modernism in modern drama, it is necessary to discuss three modern plays (Death of a SalesmanRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1127 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Miller: â€Å"Death of a Salesman† Analysis Willy Loman had been a salesman for all of his life. Although he was a hard worker and kept up with an exhausting schedule, his family always practically lived in poverty and Willy was inferior in his company. He always told his family that they would get the big break he deserved. He had raised two sons, Happy and Biff, to think that life has somehow cheated them and insists that they will get their payback someday. Willy s wife, Linda, lives in denial

The Cultural Values And The Archetypal Patterns Of The...

Throughout the world of literature, heroes or protagonists are often characters created by culture. Through these characters, we discover the faults and the virtuous qualities that this time period had to offer. As the heroes make their way through the journey, the reader learns the culture through the character’s actions and mistakes. For instance, in the early Middle Ages, women were seen as inferior and were not put on a pedestal, unlike their deception during the Late Middle Ages after the advent of chivalry and courtly love. On that note, Sir Gawain and Beowulf both reflect the cultural values and the archetypal patterns found in Joseph Campbell’s Hero with a Thousand Faces which are expressed throughout their communities. Even though some of the values such as valor and loyalty carried over from one time period to another, the two cultures experienced a paradigm shift from the way fighting was conducted all the way over to how women were seen and treated. Starting with the great Beowulf, a courageous man who boasts about his battles, but then demonstrates his ability to back up his words when the time arrives. Beowulf’s call to action after hearing about the wicked beast that had taken over the great mead-hall, Heorot, of Hrothgar. Immediately, the brave man sails out to Daneland to fight the shadow-stalker and rid the hall of the evil he had brought. Now when we look over at Sir Gawain, he accepts a challenge that the Green Knight has set out which was simplyShow MoreRelatedMyth And The Literary Devices Essay2042 Words   |  9 Pageswere once believed to be true by a particular cultural group and which served to explain why the world is as it is and things happen as they do to provide a rationale for social customs and observances. (Abrams 170) The Routledge Dictionary of Literary Terms defines myth as: Stories of unascertainable origin or authorship accompanying or helping to explain religious beliefs. Often (though not necessarily) their subject is the exploits of a God or hero, which may be of a fabulous or superhuman natureRead MoreKhasak14018 Words   |  57 Pagesa famous regional work in Malayalam, Khasakkinte Ithihasam authored by the eminent writer O V Vijayan, and thus assert its artistic value. Divided into four chapters, the dissertation blends the kin theories of Psychoanalytic and Mythological criticism and applies it to the novel. The Introduction sets the ground for the analysis by exploring the scope of the novel in the comparative study of literature. It also asserts the author’s place in the regional and Indian English canons of literature andRead MoreEvolution of Fairy Tales and Their Changing Influences on Children5699 Words   |  23 Pageswhich many scholars have tried to exhaust with minimum success. Scholars have spent a lifetime trying to understan d the history of fairy tales only to realize they have only dipped their toes in the vast sea. Fairy tales origin dates back to thousands of years ago. Fairy tales have fantasy creatures like fey, goblins, talking animals, trolls, elves, faeries, witches and giants. As the word fairy means in Latin, enchantments and events that are usually farfetched comprise the story. They are notRead MoreEvolution of Fairy Tales and Their Changing Influences on Children5710 Words   |  23 Pageswhich many scholars have tried to exhaust with minimum success. Scholars have spent a lifetime trying to understand the history of fairy tales only to realize they have only dipped their toes in the vast sea. Fairy tales origin dates back to thousands of years ago. Fairy tales have fantasy creatures like fey, goblins, talking animals, trolls, elves, faeries, witches and giants. As the word fairy means in Latin, enchantments and events that are usually farfetched comprise the story. They are notRead MoreAgrarian Magic: 20 Theories on the Origin of Religion8239 Words   |  33 Pagesand soul worship, animism, totemism, spirit propitiation, magic theory, cultural memes, agrarian overseer gods, fear and worship of spirits, evolved adaption, or by-product of evolved adaption, and as a control mechanism. There are multiple definitions and criterion of religion, most dealing with the supernatural, the unknown, the ineffable, the numinous, that terrific agency of the gods, or the comfort of ancestors and hero archetypes. Lets examine some of these meta-theories of religion’sRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesLanguage, Oxford University Press, New York, 1962). Especially important is Martinet s theory of double articulation, according to which the potentially unlimited number of linguistic statements a language system may express is derived from a few thousand . . . freely combinable minimal lexicogrammatical units called monemes (first articulation), which, in turn, derive from a very small number of units of a different type, the phonemes (second articulation; see Elements, Chapter I, Sections 8-14)Read MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 PagesMuggles!) .......................................................... 31 Lord of the Flies, by William Golding (Murderous schoolboys stranded on an island!) ......................... 33 The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald (The famous American novel) ................................................ 35 Historical Events: The American Great Depression (1929-1930s) ........................................................................................ 37 World War I (1914-1918) .............Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesnew-wave management Control in organizations Unpredictable behaviour Informal control: organizational misbehaviour? Complexity and the problem of implementation Three types of formal control Bureaucratic control Output control Cultural control The new wave in action: managing cultural change A theoretical explanation of a possible shift in control: A new historical configuration? An alternative theoretical explanation: movements in managerial discourse? The theoretical origins of new-wave theory Conclusions

The Princess Bride Movie Review Free Essays

Savannah Sheets 9th English 24 May 2012 The Princess Bride Movie Review â€Å"Hello. My name is Inigo Montoya. You killed my father. We will write a custom essay sample on The Princess Bride Movie Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prepare to die. † This is one of the many humorous lines in the movie, The Princess Bride. The Princess Bride is a romantic, action-comedy film and was directed by Rob Reiner in 1987. The plot of this movie is a fairytale narrated by a grandfather to his grandson full of action in attempt of getting a kidnapped princess back to her childhood love the day before her planned marriage with the prince. The main characters, Buttercup the princess (Robin Wright) and Westley (Cary Elwes) fall in love when they are just two young teenagers shown at the beginning of the story. Fate separates them for 5 years and soon brings them back together before she gets married to Prince Humperdinck. Westley, her childhood sweetheart, wears a disguise and follows 3 men who have kidnapped Princess Buttercup to get her back. His wits help him team up with the kidnappers and overcome Prince Humperdinck and his ‘army’. Westley is caught but soon escapes with the help of Fezzik the Giant and Inigo Montoya. They all jump out of the window and ride away on horses. Westley and Buttercup marry and live happily ever after. The Princess Bride is often compared to the movies Ella Enchanted, Spy Kids, and Stardust, all of which have different aspects of themes that were similarly incorporated in the movie. It took place in the fictional countries of Florin and Guilder, sometime between the establishment of Europe and after the manufacturing of blue jeans. The story reaches out mostly to the young adult audience, but would easily be satisfactory to people of other audiences as well. The events in the story are highly unlikely, but are well-structured and amusing to the viewers which help it to be easier to understand. The dialogue is meant to sound like the story was based from the medieval times, with a twist of comedy. Finally, the themes portrayed in this movie were that true love conquers all. Westley, even after all of the time spent apart, found his true love and in the end it all worked out with a happily ever after. Good versus evil is also a theme in this movie because Prince Humperdinck tries to marry Princess Buttercup knowing that she is still in love with Westley. Even though it was an arranged marriage, Prince Humperdinck tried to convince her that it would take time for them to fall in love, but they would eventually get used to it. Princess Buttercup has a nightmare which opens her eyes. She dreams about the marriage which is interrupted by who is known as â€Å"The Ancient Boo-er†. She tells Buttercup that she is a disgrace because she has power but isn’t using it to her advantage and is letting down the people of her country. How to cite The Princess Bride Movie Review, Papers

The Princess Bride Movie Review Free Essays

Savannah Sheets 9th English 24 May 2012 The Princess Bride Movie Review â€Å"Hello. My name is Inigo Montoya. You killed my father. We will write a custom essay sample on The Princess Bride Movie Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prepare to die. † This is one of the many humorous lines in the movie, The Princess Bride. The Princess Bride is a romantic, action-comedy film and was directed by Rob Reiner in 1987. The plot of this movie is a fairytale narrated by a grandfather to his grandson full of action in attempt of getting a kidnapped princess back to her childhood love the day before her planned marriage with the prince. The main characters, Buttercup the princess (Robin Wright) and Westley (Cary Elwes) fall in love when they are just two young teenagers shown at the beginning of the story. Fate separates them for 5 years and soon brings them back together before she gets married to Prince Humperdinck. Westley, her childhood sweetheart, wears a disguise and follows 3 men who have kidnapped Princess Buttercup to get her back. His wits help him team up with the kidnappers and overcome Prince Humperdinck and his ‘army’. Westley is caught but soon escapes with the help of Fezzik the Giant and Inigo Montoya. They all jump out of the window and ride away on horses. Westley and Buttercup marry and live happily ever after. The Princess Bride is often compared to the movies Ella Enchanted, Spy Kids, and Stardust, all of which have different aspects of themes that were similarly incorporated in the movie. It took place in the fictional countries of Florin and Guilder, sometime between the establishment of Europe and after the manufacturing of blue jeans. The story reaches out mostly to the young adult audience, but would easily be satisfactory to people of other audiences as well. The events in the story are highly unlikely, but are well-structured and amusing to the viewers which help it to be easier to understand. The dialogue is meant to sound like the story was based from the medieval times, with a twist of comedy. Finally, the themes portrayed in this movie were that true love conquers all. Westley, even after all of the time spent apart, found his true love and in the end it all worked out with a happily ever after. Good versus evil is also a theme in this movie because Prince Humperdinck tries to marry Princess Buttercup knowing that she is still in love with Westley. Even though it was an arranged marriage, Prince Humperdinck tried to convince her that it would take time for them to fall in love, but they would eventually get used to it. Princess Buttercup has a nightmare which opens her eyes. She dreams about the marriage which is interrupted by who is known as â€Å"The Ancient Boo-er†. She tells Buttercup that she is a disgrace because she has power but isn’t using it to her advantage and is letting down the people of her country. How to cite The Princess Bride Movie Review, Papers

Living at the Poverty Line an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

Living at the Poverty Line by Expert Prof J.F | 13 Dec 2016 Introduction Need essay sample on "Living at the Poverty Line" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This paper is an example of a budget for a family at the poverty line. The writer puts himself on the position of the provider of this family, aiming to determine how it is like to prepare a budget with a very small income. The paper also aims to determine what the government agencies can do for the families at and below the poverty line to help them meet their needs. Budget Construction Below is a monthly budget constructed by a single mother living in Hamilton, Florida who earns an average of $19,900 annually (less the income tax) or $1,658 a month. She has 3 children: a 6-month old, a 1-year old and a 2-year old. Because she is only a single mother, she has the sole responsibility of providing her childrens needs. Below are the components of her monthly budget: Rent (one- bedroom apartment) $674 Food 561 Utilities 140 Personal Care Products 100 Diapers 60 Infant Formula 60 Milk for 2 53 Childcare (for 3 children) 114 Clothing 50 Public Transportation 40 Miscellaneous 45 TOTAL $1897 Her$1658-a-month income is not sufficient to provide all the basic needs of her family despite the fact that this budget is very tight and excludes other expenses included in the budget of an average-earning family such as expenses for entertainment and leisure, food away from home such as expenses for dining in a restaurant, vacation and savings. The mother is also looking forward to have some money saved for the education of her children in the coming years but cannot do this because her income is about $240 short with her expenditures. Due to her very low income, she has to seek the help and assistance of some government agencies in her area that can help single mothers like her. Poverty in Florida The single mother mentioned above is just one of the many individuals and family suffering from poverty in the USA particularly in Florida. According to the Census Bureau (Cauchon, 2006), about 37 million Americans lived in poverty in 2005 which can be characterized by having an annual income of $19,971 or less for a family of four. This means the single mother in the above context is at the poverty line. In Florida, poverty rate is higher than the average for the US (Nissen and Borum, 2005) due to low wages given to the workers especially the women. It was also reported that when a family spend more than 30% of its income for the housing cost, that household can be said to be cost burdened or simply cannot afford the housing needs. In the case of the mother, her monthly rent which exceeded 30% of her income seems to be a big burden for her despite that the monthly fair market rent for a one-bedroom apartment is $674 (Nissen and Borum, 2005) and even if he opted for a zero-bedroom apartment which amounts to $604, it will still exceed 30% of her monthly income. Moreover, according to the joint report of the US Department of Labor and Bureau of Labor and Statistics in 2004, the average annual expenditure on food of a consumer unit with about 2 persons is $5781 or $481.75 a month (about $241 per person). But that was in 2004 so it is expected that by 2006, this average has increased significantly. The budget for food expenditure of the single mother, which $561 for four persons, seems to be not adequate to provide the family healthy and nutritious foods. It cannot be denied that the family of the single mother is suffering from poverty that her income alone cannot meet the needs of her children. Government Assistance One of the programs that provide assistance to families in Florida suffering from poverty is the WIC or the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children. WIC stands for Women, Infants and Children, which means that the program provides assistance particularly to the WIC sector. Women, infant and children are considered to be the weakest sector thus programs like this are very important to them. The WIC program in Florida is administered by the Department of Health and is being funded by the US Department of Agriculture. It provides healthy foods, nutrition education and counseling, breastfeeding support and referrals to health care, immunization, and community services to pregnant or breastfeeding women, infants and children under 5 years old (Florida DOH, 2006). To be able to be eligible to the program, a household with a size of four must have a monthly income of equal to or less than $3,084 (Florida DOH, 2006). Upon eligibility and completion of requirements, parents can request for formula for their infants and avail of WIC checks that can be used to purchase foods such as cereals, milk, vegetables and juices, and health products or medicines that are listed on the WIC checks. WIC checks can be used at WIC-approved stores across Florida. Because WIC checks can only be used on WIC-approved items, it can be ensured that the WIC checks holder can only purchase nutritious foods and the necessary items needed by children and mothers. Aside from WIC, another program created for the benefits of the poor family is the Food Stamp Program. The program helps low income individuals and families buy the food they need for good health and is intended to supplement a familys food budget (Florida DCF, 2006). To be eligible, the family should be a US resident and residing in Florida. The household should also have a net monthly income not exceeding $1667 for a household size of four. For a household of 4 members, $139 is subtracted from the income in the budget to determine the amount of food stamps that will be given for a month (Florida DCF, 2006). Other programs that assist poor families are the Temporary Cash Assistance Program (TCA) that provides cash assistance to meet the needs of the family other than food such as education and others, and the Medicaid that provides medical coverage to low income families. Conclusion and Recommendations Because of low wages, a single mother as well as the families whose income equal or less that $19,900 or those at the poverty line cannot provide all the needs of their family especially when there are growing children in the household that needed to have nutritious food and shelter. To be able to solve income insufficiencies, poor family especially those who have children under 5 years old can avail of the assistance provided by the programs of the local government of the state. Through the programs that assist poor families, poverty can be alleviated and children can have a brighter future. In the case of the single mother above, she seems to be eligible to the above-mentioned programs. These programs will help her meet the needs of her children and can help her save some amount for her childrens education in the coming years. References Cauchon, Dennis (2006) Family Income Up, But Not Pay, USA Today Online Retrieved on September 18, 2006 Florida Department of Children and Families, Health and Human Services retrieved Online on September 18, 2006 Nissen, Bruce & Borum, Jen Wolfe (2005), Working Poverty: Low Wage Workers in Florida, Research Institute on Social Economics Policy (RISEP) CLR&S, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, Florida US Department of Labor & US Bureau of Labor and Statistics, Consumers Expenditures in 2004, retrieved online on September 18, 2006 http://stats.bls.gov/cex/csxann04.pdf> The Florida Department of Health, Florida WIC retrieved online on September 18, 2006

Free Essays on Martin Luther King Jr

Birth and Family Martin Luther King, Jr. was born at noon Tuesday, January 15, 1929, at the family home, 501 Auburn Avenue, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Charles Johnson was the attending physician. Martin Luther King, Jr., was the first son and second child born to the Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr., and Alberta Williams King. Other children born to the Kings were Christine King Farris and the late Reverend Alfred Daniel Williams King. Martin Luther King's maternal grandparents were the Reverend Adam Daniel Williams, second pastor of Ebenezer Baptist, and Jenny Parks Williams. His paternal grandparents, James Albert and Delia King, were sharecroppers on a farm in Stockbridge, Georgia. He married the former Coretta Scott, younger daughter of Obadiah and Bernice McMurray Scott of Marion, Alabama on June 18, 1953. The marriage ceremony took place on the lawn of the Scott's home in Marion. The Reverend King, Sr., performed the service, with Mrs. Edythe Bagley, the sister of Mrs. King, maid of honor, and the Reverend A.D. King, the brother of Martin Luther King, Jr., best man. Four children were born to Dr. and Mrs. King: Yolanda Denise (November 17, 1955 Montgomery, Alabama) Martin Luther III (October 23, 1957 Montgomery, Alabama) Dexter Scott (January 30, 1961 Atlanta, Georgia) Bernice Albertine (March 28, 1963 Atlanta, Georgia) Education Martin Luther King, Jr. began his education at the Yonge Street Elementary School in Atlanta, Georgia. Following Yonge School, he was enrolled in David T. Howard Elementary School. He also attended the Atlanta University Laboratory School and Booker T. Washington High School. Because of his high score on the college entrance examinations in his junior year of high school, he advanced to Morehouse College without formal graduation from Booker T. Washington. Having skipped both the ninth and twelfth grades, Dr. King entered Morehouse at the age of fifteen. In 1948, he graduat... Free Essays on Martin Luther King Jr Free Essays on Martin Luther King Jr Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta Georgia on January 15, 1929. He was a Baptist minister and a leader of a civil right movement in America from the Mid-1950’s until he was assassinated in 1968. He was a non-aggressive person while trying to follow through with his acts to achieve civil rights reformation and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his tremendous efforts in his life. He married the former, Coretta Scott, younger daughter of Obadiah and Bernice McMurray Scott of Marion, Alabama on June 18, 1953. The marriage took place at the Scott’s home in Alabama. His grandfather was a Baptist preacher. His father was a pastor of Atlanta’s Ebenezer Baptist Church. He earned his own bachelor degree of Divinity and in 1951 he earned his Doctor of Philosophy from Boston University in 1955. In 1959 King went on a trip to India and met with followers Gandhi. In these discussions he became to realize that nonviolent way of approaching things, such as a struggle for freedom, was the way to go in life. After being a pastor of Alabama, Martin led a Black bus boycott. He and ninety others were arrested and indicted under provisions of law. He was found guilty along with others, although they were able to appeal their case. As the boycott carried on, Martin was gaining much reputation in the Nation. The success of the bus boycott also made him the hero of many people throughout the nation. Dr. King’s 1963 Letter from Birmingham Jail inspired national civil rights movement. The goal in Birmingham was to completely end the system of public life (stores, no separate bathrooms and drinking fountains, etc.) and also anything that had to do with getting jobs and living a normal life was one of the major goals of Martin Luther King Jr. Also in 1963 he led a massive march on Washington D.C. where he delivered his most famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. He gave this speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Wash... Free Essays on Martin Luther King Jr Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, Ga., on January 15, 1929. His father, Martin, Sr., was the pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church, a black congregation. His mother, Alberta Williams Kings, was a schoolteacher. Martin had an older sister named Christine. He also had a younger brother. His name was Alfred Daniel. Martin encountered racism for the first time when he was 6 years old. It happened when his friendship with two white playmates was cut short by their parents. Then at the age of 11, a white woman struck him with the word "nigger". It was devastating for him to encounter this. Though, it was true that not all people think they are equal to other racial groups. A bright student, he was admitted to Morehouse College at the age of 15, without completing high school. Through the years, he wanted someday to become a minister. King's luck came true when he was 18 years old. He was ordained in his father's church. After graduating from Morehouse in 1948, he entered Crozer T heological Seminary in Chester, Pa. He was the valedictorian of his class in 1951 and won a graduate fellowship. At Boston University he received a Ph.D. in theology in 1955. King had been impressed by the teachings of Henry David Thoreau and Mahatma Gandhi on nonviolent resistance. King wrote, "I came to feel that this was the only King had been impressed by the teachings of Henry David Thoreau and Mahatma Gandhi on nonviolent resistance. King wrote, "I came to feel that this was the only morally and practically sound method open to oppressed people in their struggle for freedom." He became pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Ala., in 1954. In December 1955 King was chosen to head the Montgomery Improvement Association, formed by the black community to lead a boycott of the segregated city buses. During the boycott King's home was bombed, but he persuaded his followers to remain nonviolent despite threats to their lives and property. ... Free Essays on Martin Luther King Jr Birth and Family Martin Luther King, Jr. was born at noon Tuesday, January 15, 1929, at the family home, 501 Auburn Avenue, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Charles Johnson was the attending physician. Martin Luther King, Jr., was the first son and second child born to the Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr., and Alberta Williams King. Other children born to the Kings were Christine King Farris and the late Reverend Alfred Daniel Williams King. Martin Luther King's maternal grandparents were the Reverend Adam Daniel Williams, second pastor of Ebenezer Baptist, and Jenny Parks Williams. His paternal grandparents, James Albert and Delia King, were sharecroppers on a farm in Stockbridge, Georgia. He married the former Coretta Scott, younger daughter of Obadiah and Bernice McMurray Scott of Marion, Alabama on June 18, 1953. The marriage ceremony took place on the lawn of the Scott's home in Marion. The Reverend King, Sr., performed the service, with Mrs. Edythe Bagley, the sister of Mrs. King, maid of honor, and the Reverend A.D. King, the brother of Martin Luther King, Jr., best man. Four children were born to Dr. and Mrs. King: Yolanda Denise (November 17, 1955 Montgomery, Alabama) Martin Luther III (October 23, 1957 Montgomery, Alabama) Dexter Scott (January 30, 1961 Atlanta, Georgia) Bernice Albertine (March 28, 1963 Atlanta, Georgia) Education Martin Luther King, Jr. began his education at the Yonge Street Elementary School in Atlanta, Georgia. Following Yonge School, he was enrolled in David T. Howard Elementary School. He also attended the Atlanta University Laboratory School and Booker T. Washington High School. Because of his high score on the college entrance examinations in his junior year of high school, he advanced to Morehouse College without formal graduation from Booker T. Washington. Having skipped both the ninth and twelfth grades, Dr. King entered Morehouse at the age of fifteen. In 1948, he graduat...

Catherine of Aragon - the Kings Great Matter

Catherine of Aragon - the Kings Great Matter Continued from: Catherine of Aragon: Marriage to Henry VIII The End of a Marriage With England allied against Catherines nephew, the Emperor Charles V, and with Henry VIII desperate for a legitimate male heir, the marriage of Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII, once a supportive and, it seemed, loving relationship, unraveled. Henry had begun his flirtation with Anne Boleyn sometime in 1526 or 1527. Annes sister, Mary Boleyn, had been Henrys mistress, and Anne had been a lady-in-waiting to Henrys sister, Mary, when she was Queen of France, and later a lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon herself. Anne resisted Henrys pursuit, refusing to become his mistress. Henry, after all, wanted a legitimate male heir. Always Invalid? By 1527, Henry was citing Biblical verses Leviticus 18:1-9 and Leviticus 20:21, interpreting these to mean that his marriage to his brothers widow explained his lack of a male heir by Catherine. That was the year, 1527, when Charles Vs army sacked Rome and took Pope Clement VII prisoner. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor as well as king of Spain, was the nephew of Catherine of Aragon his mother was Catherines sister, Joanna (known as Juana the Mad). Henry VIII saw this as an opportunity to go to the bishops who could use the Popes incapacity to themselves rule that Henrys marriage to Catherine had not been valid. In May of 1527, with the Pope still a prisoner of the Emperor, Cardinal Wolsey held a trial to examine whether the marriage was valid. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, refused to support Henrys position. In June of 1527, Henry asked Catherine for a formal separation, offering her an opportunity to retire to a nunnary. Catherine did not accept Henrys suggestion that she retire quietly so that he could remarry, on the grounds that she remained the true queen. Catherine asked her nephew Charles V to intervene and to try to influence the pope to refuse any request of Henrys to annul the marriage. Appeals to the Pope Henry sent an appeal with his secretary to Pope Clement VII in 1528, asking for his marriage to Catherine to be annulled. (This is often referred to as a divorce, but technically, Henry was asking for an annulment, a finding that his first marriage had not been a true marriage.) The request was amended quickly to also ask that the Pope permit Henry to marry within the first degree of affinity though not a brothers widow, and permit Henry to marry someone previously contracted to marry if the marriage was never consummated. These circumstances fit the situation with Anne Boleyn completely. He had previously had a relationship with Annes sister, Mary. Henry continued to muster scholarly and expert opinions to refine and extend his arguments. Catherines argument against Henrys was simple: she simply affirmed that her marriage to Arthur had never been consummated, which would make the whole argument about consanguinity moot. Campeggis Trial The Pope was no longer a prisoner of the Emperor, Catherines nephew, in 1529, but he was still largely under the control of Charles. He sent his legate, Campeggi, to England to try to find some alternate solution. Campeggi convened a court in May of 1529 to hear the case. Both Catherine and Henry appeared and spoke. That Catherine knelt before Henry and appealed to him is likely an accurate depiction of that event. But after that, Catherine stopped cooperating with Henrys legal actions. She left the court hearings and refused to return another day when ordered to do so. Campeggis court adjourned without a verdict. It did not reconvene. Catherine had continued to live at court, though Henry was often with Anne Boleyn. She even continued to make Henrys shirts, which enraged Anne Boleyn. Henry and Catherine fought publicly. The End of Wolsey Henry VIII had trusted his chancellor, Cardinal Wolsey, to handle what was called the Kings Great Matter. When Wolseys work did not result in the action Henry expected, Henry dismissed Cardinal Wolsey from his position as chancellor. Henry replaced him with a lawyer, Thomas More, rather than a clergyman. Wolsey, charged with treason, died the next year before he could be tried. Henry continued to marshal arguments for his divorce. In 1530, an treatise by a scholarly priest, Thomas Cranmer, that defended Henrys annulment, came to Henrys attention. Cranmer advised that Henry rely on the opinions of scholars in European universities rather than on the Pope. Henry increasingly relied on Cranmers counsel. The Pope, instead of responding positively to Henrys plea for a divorce, issued an order forbidding Henry from marrying until Rome came to a final decision on the divorce. The Pope also ordered secular and religious authorities in England to stay out of the matter. So, in 1531, Henry held a clerical court that declared Henry the Supreme Head of the Church of England. This effectively overrode the Popes authority to make decisions, not only about the marriage itself, but about those in the English church who cooperated with Henrys pursuit of the divorce. Catherine Sent Away On July 11, 1531, Henry sent Catherine to live in relative isolation in Ludlow, and she was cut off from all contact with their daughter, Mary. She never saw Henry or Mary in person again. In 1532, Henry obtained the support of Francis I, the French king, for his actions, and secretly married Anne Boleyn. Whether she became pregnant before or after that ceremony is not certain, but she was definitely pregnant before the second wedding ceremony on January 25, 1533. Catherines household was moved several times to different locations on Henrys orders, and such close friends as her long-time companion (from before Catherines marriage to Henry) Maria de Salinas were forbidden contact with Mary. Another Trial A new Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, then convened a clerical court in May of 1533, and found Henrys marriage to Catherine null. Catherine refused to appear at the hearing. Catherines title of Dowager Princess of Wales was restored as Arthurs widow but she refused to accept that title. Henry reduced her household further, and she was moved again. On May 28, 1533, he declared Henrys marriage to Anne Boleyn to be valid. Anne Boleyn was crowned as Queen on June 1, 1533, and on September 7, gave birth to a daughter they named Elizabeth, after both her grandmothers. Catherines Supporters Catherine had much support, including Henrys sister, Mary, married to Henrys friend Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. She was also more popular with the general public than was Anne, seen as a usurper and interloper. Women seemed especially likely to support Catherine. The visionary Elizabeth Barton, called the nun of Kent, was charged with treason for her outspoken opposition. Sir Thomas Elyot remained an advocate, but managed to avoid Henrys wrath. And she still had the support of her nephew, with his influence over the Pope. Act of Supremacy and Act of Succession When the Pope finally pronounced Henry and Catherines marriage valid, on March 23, 1534, it was too late to influence any of Henrys actions. Also that month, Parliament passed an Act of Succession (legally described as being 1533, since the calendar year then changed at the end of March). Catherine was sent in May to Kimbolten Castle, with a much-reduced household. Even the Spanish ambassador was not permitted access to speak with her. In November, Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy, recognizing the ruler of England as the supreme head of the Church of England. Parliament also passed an Act Respecting the Oath to the Succession, requiring of all English subjects an oath to support the Act of Succession. Catherine refused to swear any such oath, which would acknowledge Henrys position as head of the church, her own daughter as illegitimate and Annes children as Henrys heirs. More and Fisher Thomas More, also unwilling to take an oath to support the Act of Succession, and having opposed Henrys marriage to Anne, was charged with treason, imprisoned, and executed. Bishop Fisher, an early and consistent opponent of the divorce and supporter of Catherines marriage, was also imprisoned for refusing to recognize Henry as head of the church. While in prison, the new Pope, Paul III, made Fisher a cardinal, and Henry hurried Fishers trial for treason. More and Fisher were both beatified by the Roman Catholic Church in 1886 and canonized in 1935. Catherines Last Years In 1534 and 1535, when Catherine heard that her daughter Mary was ill, each time she asked to be able to see her and nurse her, but Henry refused to allow that. Catherine did get word out to her supporters to urge the Pope to excommunicate Henry. When, in December 1535, Catherines friend Maria de Salinas heard that Catherine was ill, she asked permission to see Catherine. Refused, she forced herself into Catherines presence anyway. Chapuys, the Spanish ambassador, was also allowed to see her. He left on January 4. On the night of January 6, Catherine dictated letters to be sent to Mary and to Henry, and she died on January 7, in the arms of her friend Maria. Henry and Anne were said to celebrate upon hearing of Catherines death. After Catherines Death When Catherines body was examined after her death, a black growth was found on her heart. The physician of the time pronounced the cause poisoning which her supporters seized on as more reason to oppose Anne Boleyn. But most modern experts looking at the record would suggest that a more likely cause was cancer. Catherine was buried as the Dowager Princess of Wales at Peterborough Abbey on January 29, 1536. Emblems used were of Wales and Spain, not of England. Centuries later, Queen Mary, married to George V, had Catherines gravesite improved and marked with the title Katharine Queen of England. Only when Henry married his third wife, Jane Seymour, did Henry invalidate his second marriage to Anne Boleyn and reaffirm the validity of his marriage to Catherine, restoring their daughter Mary to the succession after any later male heirs he might have. Next: Catherine of Aragon Bibliography About Catherine of Aragon: Catherine of Aragon Facts | Early Life and First Marriage | Marriage to Henry VIII | The Kings Great Matter | Catherine of Aragon Books | Mary I | Anne Boleyn | Women in the Tudor Dynasty

BUSN300 Unit 1IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BUSN300 Unit 1IP - Research Paper Example Emission of harmful gases damages the ozone layer that is responsible for absorbing harmful radiations of the sun. This leads to increase in the overall temperature of earth’s atmosphere. The main culprit of global warming is carbon dioxide and its variants that are introduced in the earth’s atmosphere by human activities. The most potent argument given in this regard is that there is clear evidence that the temperature of the earth has increased over the last century. The temperature of the earth is increasing and this is creating climatic imbalance which has harmful effects for the natural habitat. People who consider global warming a serious threat argue that the change in climatic conditions of the world is clear evidence of the validity of global warming. Another reason why global reason is considered a serious issue by many is that icebergs all over the planet are melting. This melting of icebergs is leading to increase in the water levels of seas and oceans, and this can have disastrous effect on climate and natural life (Venkataramani, 2004). This has also led to the increase in occurrences of floods all over the world. Increase in water levels also creates imbalance of salty and fresh water in oceans which also leads to grave climatic issues. Melting of icebergs is also seen by many as proof of the existence of global warming phenomenon. Global warming is also considered a serious issue because it can be explained very well from the human activities in the 20th century. In 20th century, human beings have increases combustion of fossil fuels and in the same period earth’s temperature has increased. This correlation is considered by many as evidence that the phenomenon of global warming is real and can be explained through human activities in the 20th century. Many believe that global warming should not be taken seriously because the temperature of the world

Compare and contrast of two artworks (art history) Essay

Compare and contrast of two artworks (art history) - Essay Example The general term ‘artwork’ is used in comparing and contrasting since Durer’s work is an engraving and not a painting like Titian’s. Durer, in his depiction of Adam and Eve, is meticulous with balance and proportion in such a way that Adam is almost like Eve’s female counterpart. Both characters have curly hair, and both are nude with covered private parts. Durer’s engraving gives the magical illusion that the characters are somewhat standing out from its dark background (Silver and Smith 49). His work is like a three dimensional image. He uses ink as a medium to darken the background (Silver and Smith 49). His style is what is known as Northern Renaissance in European Art. Like Durer, Titian likes to portray subjects in nude or semi-nude. By contrast, Titian’s Concert Champà ªtre painting is oil on canvas. His love for nature is shown by his vibrant display of the natural colors of an outdoor environment, as opposed to black and white. In effect, his style is more realistic, especially the women’s bodies whose skin texture is quite realistic. His style is considered Italian High Renaissance, Venetian School. The similarities involved are their fondness for the outdoors and how their subjects seem to be interacting with each other in harmony. Also, each of the human subject’s hand is busy holding something. Concert Champà ªtre involves musical instruments, while Adam and Eve shows the biblical ‘forbidden fruit.’ During this time, central Europe had been the ‘seat of religious upheaval,’ which might have played a role in the artist’s choice for a subject. At first glance, there are no traces of writing in Titian’s artwork compared to Durer’s branding, which translates to â€Å"Albrecht Durer of Nuremberg† (Johnson 124). In Concert Champà ªtre, the man carrying a lute and wearing silk looks out of place (Graham-Dixon 251).

Our Day Out by Willy Russell Essay examples -- English Literature

The play Our Day Out by Willy Russell. "Our Day Out" The play "Our Day Out" by WillyRussellraised many questions about education, school trips, and how teachers react to different and less able kids. In my C.E.L. I shall answer two important questions that I feel were raised in this play, and explain how the writer made me aware of these issues. I shall also explain clearly my response to these issues. "Mrs. Kayscans the beach, Carolcannot be seen." This is something whichdefinitelywould not happen on a school trip nowadays. A pupils lost. The first question raised in the play was whether school trips are dangerous or worth the risk. Mrs. Kay was supposed to take a group of kids to Conwy Castle however on the way there they visited a zoo, a funfair, and the beach. This is something which simply wouldn't be allowed to happen on a modern day school trip as there are too many rules and restrictions to follow and teachers have no freedom with the kids on school trips which I feel is perhaps wrong. Some of the kids on the trip in "Our Day Out" had never seen the sea and wouldn't have know what it was if they hadn't been on that trip. I think that all pupils who have never been to the sea, a museum, or a gallery should be given the chance to go so that they can experience the same as everyone else. All trips nowadays are thought to be dangerous and teachers must fill in lots of forms and make justifications and assurances just to take pupils out on a simple trip to a museum. This puts many teachers off going on school trips. If the trip from the play occurred today, which it wouldn't, the teachers would probably lose their jobs. I feel teachers should be allowed more opportunity to take kids n this sort ... ...ll in benefit forms, write letters, and fill in job applications instead of being taught pointless things such as history as they will never use those skills. Teaching the less able kids how to fill in simple forms will set them up for the real world where there are no teachers to help them with everything. This sort of education would give these pupils a chance in life so they could survive on their own. Even though "Our Day Out" was quite a simple, easy to read play it raised many questions about education, teachers and most of all school trips. The play also raised many points of discussion which my class spoke about for several hours, this, I feel is one of the main merits of the book. I feel one of the main weaknesses of the book was the simple language used. However this play made me think more about education and I feel it was well worth reading.

The Legalization of Marijuana

There are many reasons why It should be legal. This essay will focus mostly on the medical benefits, but will also compare marl]nana to other drugs, as you can see with this table that marijuana is less toxic than compared to other drugs such as alcohol and prescription drugs. According to this table it is about as toxic and dangerous as caffeine. (Winnfield, 1994) Consuming alcohol excessively is the third leading preventable cause of death In the United States and can really damage the liver, yet this substance Is legal to consume In the United States.Take into the consideration that there are many accidents due to drunk driving or driving under the influence. There is little evidence that cannabis that is used long term causes permanent damage. Lung cancer can be prevented by using a vaporizer. Vaporizer are devices that heat the active constituents to a temperature below the ignition point of the cannabis, so that their vapors can be inhaled. Combustion of the plant material is a voided which prevents the harmful carcinogens such as carbon monoxide from forming† There are problems that cannabis can cause with certain people such as psychotic disorder.A 24 year old man whom we will call Mr.. Z was hospitalized for insomnia, irritability and aggressiveness 2 years after military service. A urine screening revealed that he used cannabises semi-daily and no other substance abuse. Four months later, he presented to a marijuana clinic complaining of chronic pain, insomnia, and anxiety and was given a diagnosis of postgraduates stress disorder (POTS) and pain, along with a medical recommendation for cannabis. No psychotic symptoms were elicited. He also increased the frequency of his daily use from approximately once to twice daily. Six months later, Mr..Z was rationalized with new-onset auditory illustrations and delusions. Irreparable (1 5 MGM/day) was prescribed, with gradual symptomatic Improvement, and then tapered to a lower dose (7. 5 MGM/day) due to t remor. The patient reported that he believed smoking cannabis helped his chronic plan out Tanat It worsened Nils synoptic symptoms, sun Tanat en wanted Nell to stop smoking the drug. After 4 weeks, he was discharged to residential substance abuse treatment with only mild, residual psychotic symptoms and a discharge diagnosis of psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, POTS, and cannabis dependence.At a 3- month follow-up evaluation, while still taking irreparable, Mr.. Z remained off cannabis and free of psychotic symptoms. † (Pierre, 2010) Marijuana had benefits throughout history, there have been reports of the symptoms that marijuana has cured. The standard review set forth by the FED&C Act, demands clinical investigations and scientific proof by experts qualified by scientific training and experience to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug involved.Therefore it is appropriate in detail that material regarding the safety and efficiency of medical marijuana is true (Coh en, 2009) . All drugs do have side effects but with marijuana the dangers are far less. It is used to treat nausea, vomiting, insomnia, lack of appetite, movement disorders, pain, cancer, alcohol abuse, bipolar disorder, inflammatory bowel disease and a host of other symptoms. With stress marijuana helps calm people down and not dwell on problems that they have, while the problems do not go away it is considered to help cope with the problems.Finding the balance to deal with your problems and have marijuana help cope is key to making the use successful. Not finding a balance can be negative as much as it is positive. In general everyone has some type of problem and smoking marijuana can help. In 1851, the United States granted marijuana the status of a legitimate medical compound. The complaints for doing this that cannabis had treated where neuralgia, gout, tetanus, hydrophobia, convulsions, mental depression, hysteria and insanity. This was supported by anecdotal input and not sci entific data.Anecdotal reports are suggestive and do not constitute the firm scientific reports that is essential to Justify the approval of marijuana to be completely legal. A recent study suggests that marijuana may be a useful addition to chemotherapy for hepatitis C, a deadly infection. Drugs that are used to treat HCI are effective but have ever side effects such as extreme fatigue, nausea, muscle aches, loss of appetite, and depression. Sylvester and colleagues found that smoking marijuana significantly ameliorated these symptoms.This enabled patients to complete treatment when patients who did not smoke opted to not complete treatment (Cohen, 2009). In 2007 the efficiency of smoking marijuana by the AIDS community was verified by a scientific peer-reviewed publication by Donald Abram and coworkers. In this publication random volunteers were assigned to smoke marijuana or identical placebo cigarettes three times daily for 5 days. The report stated that the percentage f subject s who smoked reported more than a 30% reduction in pain intensity, the study found that marijuana reduced daily pain by an average of 34% (Cohen, 2009).Even in friends and family that I have talked to also reported that this is true, that smoking marijuana has helped them deal with pain. They also stated that it has helped keep them calm and would rather smoke marijuana then drink alcohol. I en tests Ana Tact's snow Tanat ten Detentes AT marijuana outline ten rills information in this essay shows the risks of marijuana compared to other prescribed drugs are less. With all drugs there are side effects especially death which is almost inexistent in marijuana, people can benefit more from it especially using vaporizer which cuts down the chance for getting lung cancer. The Legalization of Marijuana There are many reasons why It should be legal. This essay will focus mostly on the medical benefits, but will also compare marl]nana to other drugs, as you can see with this table that marijuana is less toxic than compared to other drugs such as alcohol and prescription drugs. According to this table it is about as toxic and dangerous as caffeine. (Winnfield, 1994) Consuming alcohol excessively is the third leading preventable cause of death In the United States and can really damage the liver, yet this substance Is legal to consume In the United States.Take into the consideration that there are many accidents due to drunk driving or driving under the influence. There is little evidence that cannabis that is used long term causes permanent damage. Lung cancer can be prevented by using a vaporizer. Vaporizer are devices that heat the active constituents to a temperature below the ignition point of the cannabis, so that their vapors can be inhaled. Combustion of the plant material is a voided which prevents the harmful carcinogens such as carbon monoxide from forming† There are problems that cannabis can cause with certain people such as psychotic disorder.A 24 year old man whom we will call Mr.. Z was hospitalized for insomnia, irritability and aggressiveness 2 years after military service. A urine screening revealed that he used cannabises semi-daily and no other substance abuse. Four months later, he presented to a marijuana clinic complaining of chronic pain, insomnia, and anxiety and was given a diagnosis of postgraduates stress disorder (POTS) and pain, along with a medical recommendation for cannabis. No psychotic symptoms were elicited. He also increased the frequency of his daily use from approximately once to twice daily. Six months later, Mr..Z was rationalized with new-onset auditory illustrations and delusions. Irreparable (1 5 MGM/day) was prescribed, with gradual symptomatic Improvement, and then tapered to a lower dose (7. 5 MGM/day) due to t remor. The patient reported that he believed smoking cannabis helped his chronic plan out Tanat It worsened Nils synoptic symptoms, sun Tanat en wanted Nell to stop smoking the drug. After 4 weeks, he was discharged to residential substance abuse treatment with only mild, residual psychotic symptoms and a discharge diagnosis of psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, POTS, and cannabis dependence.At a 3- month follow-up evaluation, while still taking irreparable, Mr.. Z remained off cannabis and free of psychotic symptoms. † (Pierre, 2010) Marijuana had benefits throughout history, there have been reports of the symptoms that marijuana has cured. The standard review set forth by the FED&C Act, demands clinical investigations and scientific proof by experts qualified by scientific training and experience to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug involved.Therefore it is appropriate in detail that material regarding the safety and efficiency of medical marijuana is true (Coh en, 2009) . All drugs do have side effects but with marijuana the dangers are far less. It is used to treat nausea, vomiting, insomnia, lack of appetite, movement disorders, pain, cancer, alcohol abuse, bipolar disorder, inflammatory bowel disease and a host of other symptoms. With stress marijuana helps calm people down and not dwell on problems that they have, while the problems do not go away it is considered to help cope with the problems.Finding the balance to deal with your problems and have marijuana help cope is key to making the use successful. Not finding a balance can be negative as much as it is positive. In general everyone has some type of problem and smoking marijuana can help. In 1851, the United States granted marijuana the status of a legitimate medical compound. The complaints for doing this that cannabis had treated where neuralgia, gout, tetanus, hydrophobia, convulsions, mental depression, hysteria and insanity. This was supported by anecdotal input and not sci entific data.Anecdotal reports are suggestive and do not constitute the firm scientific reports that is essential to Justify the approval of marijuana to be completely legal. A recent study suggests that marijuana may be a useful addition to chemotherapy for hepatitis C, a deadly infection. Drugs that are used to treat HCI are effective but have ever side effects such as extreme fatigue, nausea, muscle aches, loss of appetite, and depression. Sylvester and colleagues found that smoking marijuana significantly ameliorated these symptoms.This enabled patients to complete treatment when patients who did not smoke opted to not complete treatment (Cohen, 2009). In 2007 the efficiency of smoking marijuana by the AIDS community was verified by a scientific peer-reviewed publication by Donald Abram and coworkers. In this publication random volunteers were assigned to smoke marijuana or identical placebo cigarettes three times daily for 5 days. The report stated that the percentage f subject s who smoked reported more than a 30% reduction in pain intensity, the study found that marijuana reduced daily pain by an average of 34% (Cohen, 2009).Even in friends and family that I have talked to also reported that this is true, that smoking marijuana has helped them deal with pain. They also stated that it has helped keep them calm and would rather smoke marijuana then drink alcohol. I en tests Ana Tact's snow Tanat ten Detentes AT marijuana outline ten rills information in this essay shows the risks of marijuana compared to other prescribed drugs are less. With all drugs there are side effects especially death which is almost inexistent in marijuana, people can benefit more from it especially using vaporizer which cuts down the chance for getting lung cancer.

Mies van der Rohe and Neo-Miesian Architecture

The United States has a love-hate relationship with Mies van der Rohe. Some say he stripped architecture of all humanity, creating cold, sterile, and unlivable environments. Others praise his work, saying he created architecture in its most pure form. Believing that less is more, Mies van der Rohe became the designer of rational, minimalist skyscrapers, houses, and furniture. Along with the Viennese architect Richard Neutra (1892–1970) and the Swiss architect  Le Corbusier  (1887–1965),  Mies van der Rohe not only set the standard for all modernist design but brought European modernism to America. Background Maria Ludwig Michael Mies was born on March 27, 1886, in Aachen, Germany. He changed his name in 1912 when he opened his own design practice in Berlin, adopting his mothers maiden name, van der Rohe. In todays world of one-name wonders, he is simply called  Mies  (pronounced  Meez  or often  Mees). Education Ludwig Mies van der Rohe began his career in his familys stone-carving business in Germany, learning about the trade from his father who was a master mason and stonecutter. When he was a teenager, he worked as a draftsman for several architects. Later, he moved to Berlin, where he found work in the offices of architect and furniture designer Bruno Paul and industrial architect Peter Behrens. Career Early in his life, Mies van der Rohe began experimenting with steel frames and glass walls, a style that would become known as International. He was the third director of the Bauhaus School of Design, after Walter Gropius and Hannes Meyer, from 1930 until it disbanded in 1933. He moved to the United States in 1937, and for 20 years (1938–1958), he was the director of architecture at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), where he taught his students to build first with wood, then stone, and then brick before progressing to concrete and steel. He believed that architects must completely understand their materials before they can design. Although Mies was not the first architect to practice simplicity in design, he carried the ideals of rationalism and minimalism to new levels. His glass-walled Farnsworth House near Chicago stirred controversy and legal battles. His bronze and glass Seagram Building in New York City (designed in collaboration with Philip Johnson) is considered Americas first glass skyscraper. The Meis philosophy that less is more became a guiding principle for architects in the mid-20th century, and many of the worlds skyscrapers are modeled after his designs. What Is Neo-Miesian? Neo  means  new.  Miesian  refers to Mies van der Rohe. Neo-Miesian  builds upon the beliefs and approaches that Mies practiced—the less is more minimalist buildings in glass and steel. Although Miesian buildings are unornamented, they are not plain.  For example, the famous Farnsworth House combines glass walls with pristine white steel columns. Believing that God is in the details, Mies van der Rohe achieved visual richness through his meticulous and sometimes surprising choice of materials. The towering glass Seagram Building uses bronze beams to accentuate the structure. Interiors juxtapose the whiteness of stone against the swooping, fabric-like wall panels. Some critics call the 2011 Pritzker Prize-winning Portuguese architect Eduardo Souto de Moura neo-Miesian. Like Mies, Souto de Moura (born in 1952) combines simple forms with complex textures. In their citation, the Pritzker Prize jury noted that Souto de Moura has the confidence to use stone that is a thousand years old or to take inspiration from a modern detail by Mies van der Rohe. Although nobody has called Pritzker Laureate Glenn Murcutt (born in 1936) a neo-Miesian, Murcutts simple designs show a Miesian influence. Many of  Murcutts houses in Australia, like the Marika-Alderton House, are elevated on stilts and built on above-ground platforms—taking a page from the Farnsworth House playbook. The Farnsworth House was built in a floodplain, and Murcutts above-ground coastal houses are raised for protection from tidal surges. But Murcutt builds on van der Rohes design—circulating air not only cools the house but also helps keep the Australian critters from finding easy shelter. Perhaps Mies thought of that, too. Death On August 17, 1969, at the age of 83, Mies van der Rohe died of esophageal cancer at Chicago’s Wesley Memorial Hospital. He is buried in nearby Graceland Cemetery. Important Buildings Some of the more notable building designs by Meis, include: 1928-29: Barcelona Pavilion1950: The Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois1951: Lake Shore Drive Apartments, Chicago1956: Crown Hall, Chicago1958: Seagram Building, New York (with Philip Johnson)1959-74: Federal Center, Chicago Furniture Designs Some of the more notable furniture designs by Meis, include: 1927: Side Chair (MR 10)1929: The Barcelona ® Chair1930: Brno Flat Bar Chair1948: Mies allowed one of his protà ©gà ©s, Florence Knoll, exclusive rights to produce his furniture. Learn more from Knoll, Inc.

The Media s Influence On Social Media - 1588 Words

Communication today, is changing as a result of media consumption. Social media is an ever-growing and fast developing means of communication in society, and with the vast amount of new technology constantly transforming on the market, the empowered consumer is just a click away from accessing almost anything. The internet itself has opened up a new spectrum and has trained us to expect to gain information on demand at any time and from anywhere. talk about facebook more a bit ---- This essay considers how empowered media audiences are nowadays concentrating specifically on social media, in particular Facebook, taking into account whether media controls its audience or whether the audience in fact controls the media. Some people may argue that because we still buy into the services of social media and use them regularly this somewhat justifies media s control over an audience but if individuals have a choose of what they tap into, this surely provides them with the upper hand. In my essay I will be demonstrating how the uses and gratifications theory can be applied to further explain how the consumers use and seek out specific media in order to satisfy their needs. In the first section of my essay I will be introducing the uses and gratifications theory and the key elements that make up such a theory. Secondly, I will be putting this theory in play with social media networking and how the audience interacts with this. Lastly, I will be looking at the criticsShow MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On Social Media1433 Words   |  6 Pagesworld of media has been a tradition and a necessity for me since I was a young girl. Television channels like Nickelodeon, Disney, and MTV have become popular and innovative television channels that consistently develops creative and interactive ways to consume media messages. By watching broadcasting programs and television series, I learn something new or valuable that I can then impress upon to someone else. This connectivity and deeper understanding I have to television production and media haveRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Education1119 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media Through Time: Over 75% of all internet users use social media today. Eleven years ago, only 7% of American adults used social media sites. Social media is a type of online communication used to create, share, or exchange information available to anyone.Today, social media affects our lives in many ways; sometimes without us knowing. Social media sites affect education, society, relationships, advertising, job professions, etc. However, it’s not always for the best. Evolution of SocialRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Society1710 Words   |  7 Pagesnew social issue began to surface. As the internet rapidly gained international popularity, new branches of it were created. Currently, Social media dominates the internet world. 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Types of social media include Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram, and Tumblr. However, it wasn’t long before Facebook became one of the most used types of social media compared to others with about 1.15 billion users (Crowell 11). Reasons as to why Facebook has become more popular include that it allows people to do many things such as postingRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Hate Crime1348 Words   |  6 Pagesare provoking hate, and crime-politics is the second burning issue that results in disorder in the nation. The media outlets and social networks which are located abroad are never claimed for disorder by the laws and regulations of the victim nation or ethnic group. Unfortunately, it i s hard to know in advance whether a conflict will be gradual or sudden. â€Å"The Internet and social media networks are not under any sort of inspection against racist ideas, hate or abusive speech in the name of freedom

Minimum Wage A State Of Economic Recovery - 777 Words

Victoria Pentecost Professor Xu Macroeconomics 2301 20 April 2015 Minimum Wage in America Twenty-Two years ago, President Clinton announced that his administration intended to seek an increase in federal minimum wage. The general consensus was really positive, and the public agreed that the increase was actually very overdue. However, many had reservations regarding how a raise in minimum wage would cause problems while the country was in a state of economic recovery. Both sides had political and economic merit, and an ongoing debate of the minimum wage continued into the next century. Today, the minimum wage has been pushed to the forefront of economic discussion again. To the average American, minimum wage could likely be how one makes†¦show more content†¦What factors go into deciding what jobs are worthy of anything more than the â€Å"bare minimum†? More and more states are deciding to raise their minimum wages to combat the higher costs of living in recent years. The current $7.25 minimum wage is, historically, somewhat low. In 1938, the minimum wage was .25c. That may read as a very low number, but when adjusted for current inflation, amounts to about $4 nowadays. The peak of America’s minimum wage was in 1968, at $1.60 (which amounts to around $10 today). Many studies have been conducted and show that the current minimum wage is not an amount that the general population should be expected to live on. A full-time (40 hour work week) hourly earner will, on average, bring home $1,150 a month, after social security and taxes. The average monthly rent for a single apartment in America is $1,099. That leaves about $51 a month for utilities, clothing, food, and transportation. This is statistically and strategically keeping people below the poverty line. Someone who is expected to continue their education past public school (provided they can graduate public school, considering all the fees involved), and simultaneously break the cycle of poverty is simply at a disadvantage. A main argument against raising the minimum wage is directed at the audience of people who would benefit from an increase. It is believed by many that the population of people earning minimum wage is dominated by suburban

Cbt Case Study Free Essays

string(31) " to control the panic attacks\." CBT – Case Study Identifying Information For the purposes of the case study the client will be called Jane. Jane is a 22 year old single white British female who lives with her parents in a house outside the city. She is heterosexual and has had a boyfriend for seven years. We will write a custom essay sample on Cbt Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now She feels unable to discuss her issues with her boyfriend. Her parents both have mental health issues and Jane does not feel able to talk to her mother about her problems. She has an older brother she has a good relationship who lives with his girlfriend, a four hour drive away. Jane is educated to degree level, having studied Criminology and is currently working part-time for her father managing his client accounts for a business he runs from home. A typical day involves organising all receipts and creating spreadsheets for each client’s accounts. Jane states she would like to get a full time job and be normal like her friends. Jane has a small circle of friends from university who she states have all gone onto full time employment. Jane also has a puppy she spends time looking after and taking for regular walks. Assessment Jane was referred following a health check at her GP surgery. She had been prescribed Citalopram 20mg by her GP for anxiety symptoms and panic attacks she had been having for two years. Jane has no previous contact with mental health services. Jane’s father had a diagnosis of Bi-Polar Disorder, her brother has Depression and her boyfriend has a diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder which he is continuing treatment for. Jane’s anxiety/panic has increased over the past two years. She had read about Cognitive Behavioural Therapy on the Internet and was willing to see if it was help ease her anxiety symptoms. Jane stated that the problem started due to family issues in 2007. Her brother and father were estranged due to a financial disagreement and this resulted in Jane’s brother leaving the country with his girlfriend, causing Jane to become very distressed. Also during this time she was taking her final exams at University, Jane states this was when she experienced her first panic attack. She had spent the evening before her brother left the country, drinking alcohol with friends, she remembers feeling ‘hung-over’ the next day. While travelling in the car to the airport, with her brother and his girlfriend, Jane states she started to feel unwell, she found it difficult to breathe, felt hot, trapped and felt like she was going to faint. Jane stated she felt â€Å"embarrassed† and â€Å"stupid† and had since experienced other panic attacks and increased anxiety, anticipating panic attacks in social situations. Jane had reduced where she went to, finding herself unable to go anywhere she may have to meet new people. Her last panic attack happened when Jane visited her GP for a health check and fainted during the appointment, Jane has blood phobia and she stated she had not eaten since the day before and was extremely anxious about the any medical interventions. Jane believes it was a panic attack that caused her to faint. The GP prescribed her 20mg of Citalopram, a few weeks prior to her initial assessment with the therapist. When Jane and the therapist met for the initial session Jane described herself as feeling inadequate and as if she was trapped in a cycle of panic. Although Jane felt unhappy she had no suicidal ideation and she presented no risk to others. Jane stated she had become more anxious and that she had panic attacks at least twice a week. Prior to and during therapy, Jane was assessed using various measures. These enabled the therapist to formulate a hypothesis regarding the severity of the problem, also acting as a baseline, enabling the therapist and Jane to monitor progress throughout treatment. (Wells, 1997). The measures utilised in the initial assessment were a daily panic diary, Wells (1997) and a diary of obsessive- compulsive rituals, Wells (1997) a self rating scale completed by the client Jane. Other measures used were, The Panic Rating Scale (PRS) Wells (1997), the Social Phobia Scale, Wells (1997), used by the therapist to clarify which specific disorder was the main problem for Jane. Having collated information from the initial measures, a problem list was created so the therapist and Jane could decide what to focus on first. This list was based on Jane’s account of the worst problems which were given priority over those problems which were less distressing. Problem List 1. Anxiety/Panic attacks 2. Obsessive hand washing. 3. My relationship with my family. 4. Not having a full time job. 5. My relationship with my boyfriend Having collaboratively decided on the problem list, the therapist helped Jane reframe the problems into goals. As the problem list highlighted what was wrong, changing them into goals enabled Jane to approach her problems in a more focused way (Wells, 1997), the therapist discussed goals with Jane and she decided what she wanted to get from therapy. It was important for the therapist to ensure that any goals were realistic and achievable in the timeframe and this was conveyed to Jane (Padesky Greenberger, 1995). Jane wanted to reduce her anxiety and expressed these goals:- 1. To understand why I have panic attacks. 2. To have an anxiety free day. 3. To reduce the amount of time worrying . To reduce obsessive hand washing at home. Case Formulation Jane stated that for about a year she had been repeating certain behaviours, which she believed prevented her from having panic attacks. This involved Jane washing her hands and any surrounding objects at least twice. Jane had a fear of consuming alcohol/drugs/caffeine/artificial sweeteners, she stated she had had her first panic attack the day afte r drinking alcohol and had read that all these substances could increase her anxiety. Jane had not drunk alcohol for 18 months as she felt this caused her anxiety and made her nable to control the panic attacks. You read "Cbt Case Study" in category "Essay examples" Jane stated she feared that if any of these substances got on her hands and then into her mouth she would have a panic attack and faint. These beliefs increased Jane’s anxiety when Jane was exposed to any environment where these substances were present. This unfortunately was most of the time, Jane stated that every time she saw any of these substances consumed or even placed near her, she became anxious and had to wash her hands and any surrounding items which she may come into contact with again. These safety behaviours maintained the cycle of panic, Jane would always continue the routines that she believed prevented a panic attack. The worst case scenario for Jane was â€Å"the panic would never stop and I will go mad, causing my boyfriend to leave me†. Jane felt this would make everyone realise what she already knew, that she was worthless. Her last panic attack happened when Jane had visited her GP; this caused Jane feelings of shame. â€Å"There’s all these people achieving, doing great things and I can’t do the most basic things† The therapist used the Cognitive Model of Panic (Clark, 1986), initially developing the three key elements of the model to help socialise Jane to the thoughts, feelings and behaviour cycle (see diagram below) Cognitive Model of Panic Bodily sensations Emotional response Thought about sensation Clark (1986) Using a panic diary and a diary of obsessive-compulsive rituals, Jane was asked to keep a record of situations during the week where she felt anxious, and this was discussed in the next session. Jane stated she had not had any panic during the week, when discussing previous panic attacks during the session, Jane became anxious and the therapist used this incident to develop the following formulation. Heart beating fast/increase in body temperature Fear/dread I feel hot, I can’t control it Clark (1986) Jane stated she felt like she was sweating, she had difficulty breathing; felt faint, had feelings of not being here and felt like she was going crazy. All these symptoms suggested that Jane was experiencing a panic attack and Jane met the criteria for Panic Disorder, defined in the DSM IV and states that â€Å"panic attacks be recurrent and unexpected, at least one of the attacks be followed by at least one month of persistent concern about having additional attacks, worry about the implications or consequence of the attack, or a significant change in behaviour related to the attacks† (APA, 1994). During the sessions the therapist continued to socialise Jane to the model of panic (Clark, 1986); together Jane and the therapist looked at what kept the cycle going. The therapist continued to use the model formulation, with the addition of Jane’s catastrophic interpretation of bodily symptoms, to illustrate the connection between negative thoughts, emotion, physical symptoms. Social situation I will be unable to stay here Everyone will notice I am not coping I’m going to faint Sweating/breathing fast/dizzy Clark’s (1986) Cognitive Model of Panic. Progress of Treatment The therapist hypothesised that Jane’s symptoms continued due to Jane not understanding the physiological effects of anxiety. The results were a misinterpretation of what would happen to her while being anxious, and this maintained the panic cycle. Although Jane tried to avoid any anxiety by using safety behaviours, she eventually increased the anxiety she experienced. Session 1 After the initial assessment sessions, the therapist and Jane agreed to 8 sessions, with a review after 6 sessions. Jane and the therapist discussed that there may only be a small amount of progress or change during the sessions due to the complexity of Jane’s diagnosis and agreed to focus on understanding the cycle of panic (Clark, 1986) From the information gained from the formulation process, the therapist tried psycho education. The therapist was attempting to illicit a shift in Jane’s belief about what, how and why these symptoms were happening. The therapist discussed with Jane what she knew about anxiety and from this the therapist discovered that Jane was unsure of what anxiety was and the effects on the body. For the first few appointments the therapist knew it could be beneficial to concentrate on relaying information about anxiety, (Clark et al, 1989) focusing on Jane’s specific beliefs anxiety, the therapist wanted to try to reduce the problem by helping Jane recognise the connection between her symptoms. As Jane believed, â€Å"she was going mad†, the therapist was trying to help Jane understand the CBT model of anxiety and to alter Jane’s misunderstanding of the symptoms. The therapist and Jane discussed Jane’s belief that she would faint if she panicked, Jane had fixed beliefs about why she fainted. The therapist attempted to enable Jane to describe how her anxiety affected her during a ‘usual panic’. Instead Jane began to describe symptoms of social anxiety, this suggested to the therapist that the main problems could be a combination of /social phobia and obsessive behaviours; the following dialogue may help to illustrate this. T. When you begin to become anxious, what goes through your head? J. I need a backup plan; I need to know how to get out of there. Especially if it’s in an office, or a small room. T. What would happen if you did not get out? J. I would panic, and then pass out T. What would the reasons be for you to pass out? J. Because I was panicking. T. Have you passed out before when you have panicked? J. I have felt like it. T. So what sensations do you have when you’re panicking? J. The feeling rises up, I feel hot and I can’t see straight. I get red flashes in front of my eyes, like a warning. My vision goes hazy. I think everyone is looking at me. T. Do you think other people can see this? J. Yes. T. What do you think they see? J. That I’m struggling and I cannot cope or, I try to get out of the situation by pretending I feel ill before they notice. T. What would they notice, what would be different about you? J. I stick out like a beacon, I’m sweating, loads of sweat and my face is bright red. T. How red would your face be, as red as that â€Å"No Smoking† sign on the wall? J. Yes! I’m dripping with sweat and my eyes are really staring, feels like they stick out like in a cartoon, it’s ridiculous. T. How long before you would leave the situation? J. Sometimes the feeling goes, like I can control it. But I could not leave. There would be a stigma and then I could not go back, the anxiety would increase in that environment or somewhere similar. The therapist persisted with this example and tried to use guided discovery to help Jane get a more balanced view of the situation. (Padesky and Greenberger, 1995) T. So you would not go back? J. I would if I felt safe, like with my boyfriend or I could leave whenever I wanted to. It’s the last straw if I have to go. It makes it even harder. T. You say that sometimes it goes away. What’s different about then and times when you have to leave? J. It’s like I just know I have to leave. T. What do you think may happen if you stay with the feelings? J. That I will pass out. T. hat would that mean if you passed out? J. It would be the ultimate. It would mean that I could not cope with the situation. T. If you could not cope what would that mean? J. I can’t function, I can’t do anything. I‘m just no use. T. How much do you believe that? Can you rate it out of 100%? J. Now. About 60% if I did faint it would be about 100% T. Have you ever fainted due t o the sensations you have described to me? J. No. I have fainted because I’m squeamish. I don’t like blood. Or having any kind of tests at the GP. T. So do I understand you? You have never fainted due to the panic sensations? J. No. I’ve felt like it. T. So you’ve never passed out due to the symptoms? What do you make that? J. I don’t know, that would mean that what I believe is stupid. It’s hard to get my head around it. Session 2-3 The therapist used a social phobia/panic rating scale measures to ascertain the main problem; this was increasingly difficult as throughout each session the patient expanded on her symptoms. The therapist managed to understand that the patient avoided most social situations due to her beliefs about certain substances; this caused the obsessive hand-washing. This then had an impact on Jane’s ability to go anywhere in case she could not wash herself or objects around her. Jane also believed fainting from blood phobia had the same physical effects as panic, and she would faint if she panicked. It was complicated and the therapist attempted to draw out a formulation. I SEE A PERSON DRINKING ALCOHOL IT’S GOING TO GET ON MY HANDS AND INTO MY MOUTH I FEEL SICK, I’M GOING TO FAINT I FEEL DREAD, I FEEL ANXIOUS, SWEATING I MUST WASH MY HANDS TO STOP THE PANIC GETTING WORSE. Session 4 The formulation shows the extent of Jane’s panic and how her safety behaviours were impacting on all aspects of her life. The therapist attempted again to use information about the causes of anxiety and its effects on the body. The therapist explained what happens when you faint due to blood phobia, this was an attempt to supply Jane with counter evidence for her catastrophic interpretations of her panic. The therapist also used evidence to contrast the effects on the body when fainting and when panicking. After two sessions, the therapist continued to provide and attempted to relay the facts about the nature of anxiety/panic/fainting with the inclusion of behavioural experiments. Educational procedures are a valid part of overall cognitive restructuring strategies, incorporated with questioning evidence for misinterpretations and behavioural experiments (Wells, 1997) The therapist asked Jane to explain to the therapist the function/effects of adrenalin, to see if Jane was beginning to understand and if there had been any shift in her beliefs about panic. The following dialogue may help to illustrate the difficulties the therapist encountered; T. Over the last few sessions, we have been discussing anxiety and the function of adrenalin. Do you understand the physical changes we have looked at? Does it make sense to you? J. Yes. Something has clicked inside my head. I feel less insane now, I understand more about what’s going on. It makes things a little bit easier, but it takes time for it to sink in. T. Do you think you could explain to me what you understand about anxiety/adrenalin? J. As I interpret it is, I like to think of it as, â€Å"I’m not anxious it’s just my adrenalin, It’s just the effects of adrenalin effecting my body† but it’s hard to get from there, to accepting the adrenalin is not going to harm me. I know logically it’s not. But it’s still hard. T. That’s great you’re beginning to question what you have believed and are thinking there may be other explanations for your symptoms. J. Yes. But I still think it’s to do with luck. I have good or bad luck each day and that predicts whether I have a panic or not. I think I’ll be unlucky soon. Session 5-6 The therapist continued to try use behavioural experiments during the sessions to provide further evidence to try to alter Jane’s beliefs about anxiety. The therapist agreed with Jane that they would imitate all the symptoms of panic. Making the room hot, exercising to increase heart rate and body temperature, hyperventilation (ten minutes) Focusing on breathing/swallowing. This continued for most of session 5. As neither the therapist nor Jane fainted, they discussed this and Jane stated it was different in the session than when she with other people. Jane also stated she felt safe and trusted the therapist, she did not believe she could be strong enough to try the experiments alone, as it was â€Å"too scary† The therapist asked Jane to draw a picture of how she felt and put them on the diagram of a person, this then was used to compare with anxiety symptoms, while talking through them with the therapist. The therapist and Jane created a survey about fainting and Jane took this away as homework to gain further evidence. The survey included 6 different questions about fainting e. g. – What people knew about fainting/how they would feel about seeing someone faint, etc. Treatment Outcome The treatment with Jane continues. The next session will be the 6th and there will be a review of progress and any improvements. There has been no improvement in measures as noted yet. The therapist intends to use a panic rating scale (PRS) Wells, (1997) during the next session. The therapist will continue to see Jane for two more sess ions, looking at what Jane has found helpful/unhelpful. Discussion Overall the therapist found the therapy unsuccessful. Although Jane stated she found it helpful, it was difficult for the therapist to see the progress due to the many layers of complexity of Jane’s diagnosis. The therapist has grown more confident in the CBT process and understands that as a trainee, the therapist tried to incorporate all the new skills within each session. The therapist was disappointed that they were unable to guide Jane through the therapy process with a better result. The therapist would have like to have been able to fully establish an understanding of Jane’s complex symptoms earlier on in the therapy. The therapist believes that Jane’s symptoms were very complex and the therapist may have been more successful with a client with a less complicated diagnosis. The therapist would then be able to gain more information via the appropriate measures to enable the formulations in a concise manner. This has been a huge learning curve for the therapist and has encouraged them to seek out continuing CBT supervision within the therapist’s workplace. This is essential to continue the development of the therapist’s skills. The therapist feels that although this has not had the outcome that the therapist would have wanted, it has been a positive experience for Jane. There appeared to be a successful therapeutic relationship, Jane appeared comfortable and able to communicate what her problems were to the therapist from the beginning of therapy. The therapist hopes this will encourage Jane to engage with further CBT therapy in the future and the therapist over the final session hopes to be able to support Jane in creating a therapy blueprint, reviewing what Jane has found helpful. Certificate in CBT September – December 2009 CBT Case Study Panic/Social Phobia/OCD WORD COUNT 3,400 References APA (1994). Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Padesky, C. A Greenberger, D. (1995). Clinicians Guide to Mind Over Mood. New York: Guilford Padesky, C. A Greenberger, D. (1995). Mind Over Mood. New York: Guilford Wells, A (1997). Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders. Chichester, UK: Wiley How to cite Cbt Case Study, Free Case study samples