Cbt Case Study Free Essays

string(31) " to control the panic attacks\." CBT – Case Study Identifying Information For the purposes of the case study the client will be called Jane. Jane is a 22 year old single white British female who lives with her parents in a house outside the city. She is heterosexual and has had a boyfriend for seven years. We will write a custom essay sample on Cbt Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now She feels unable to discuss her issues with her boyfriend. Her parents both have mental health issues and Jane does not feel able to talk to her mother about her problems. She has an older brother she has a good relationship who lives with his girlfriend, a four hour drive away. Jane is educated to degree level, having studied Criminology and is currently working part-time for her father managing his client accounts for a business he runs from home. A typical day involves organising all receipts and creating spreadsheets for each client’s accounts. Jane states she would like to get a full time job and be normal like her friends. Jane has a small circle of friends from university who she states have all gone onto full time employment. Jane also has a puppy she spends time looking after and taking for regular walks. Assessment Jane was referred following a health check at her GP surgery. She had been prescribed Citalopram 20mg by her GP for anxiety symptoms and panic attacks she had been having for two years. Jane has no previous contact with mental health services. Jane’s father had a diagnosis of Bi-Polar Disorder, her brother has Depression and her boyfriend has a diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder which he is continuing treatment for. Jane’s anxiety/panic has increased over the past two years. She had read about Cognitive Behavioural Therapy on the Internet and was willing to see if it was help ease her anxiety symptoms. Jane stated that the problem started due to family issues in 2007. Her brother and father were estranged due to a financial disagreement and this resulted in Jane’s brother leaving the country with his girlfriend, causing Jane to become very distressed. Also during this time she was taking her final exams at University, Jane states this was when she experienced her first panic attack. She had spent the evening before her brother left the country, drinking alcohol with friends, she remembers feeling ‘hung-over’ the next day. While travelling in the car to the airport, with her brother and his girlfriend, Jane states she started to feel unwell, she found it difficult to breathe, felt hot, trapped and felt like she was going to faint. Jane stated she felt â€Å"embarrassed† and â€Å"stupid† and had since experienced other panic attacks and increased anxiety, anticipating panic attacks in social situations. Jane had reduced where she went to, finding herself unable to go anywhere she may have to meet new people. Her last panic attack happened when Jane visited her GP for a health check and fainted during the appointment, Jane has blood phobia and she stated she had not eaten since the day before and was extremely anxious about the any medical interventions. Jane believes it was a panic attack that caused her to faint. The GP prescribed her 20mg of Citalopram, a few weeks prior to her initial assessment with the therapist. When Jane and the therapist met for the initial session Jane described herself as feeling inadequate and as if she was trapped in a cycle of panic. Although Jane felt unhappy she had no suicidal ideation and she presented no risk to others. Jane stated she had become more anxious and that she had panic attacks at least twice a week. Prior to and during therapy, Jane was assessed using various measures. These enabled the therapist to formulate a hypothesis regarding the severity of the problem, also acting as a baseline, enabling the therapist and Jane to monitor progress throughout treatment. (Wells, 1997). The measures utilised in the initial assessment were a daily panic diary, Wells (1997) and a diary of obsessive- compulsive rituals, Wells (1997) a self rating scale completed by the client Jane. Other measures used were, The Panic Rating Scale (PRS) Wells (1997), the Social Phobia Scale, Wells (1997), used by the therapist to clarify which specific disorder was the main problem for Jane. Having collated information from the initial measures, a problem list was created so the therapist and Jane could decide what to focus on first. This list was based on Jane’s account of the worst problems which were given priority over those problems which were less distressing. Problem List 1. Anxiety/Panic attacks 2. Obsessive hand washing. 3. My relationship with my family. 4. Not having a full time job. 5. My relationship with my boyfriend Having collaboratively decided on the problem list, the therapist helped Jane reframe the problems into goals. As the problem list highlighted what was wrong, changing them into goals enabled Jane to approach her problems in a more focused way (Wells, 1997), the therapist discussed goals with Jane and she decided what she wanted to get from therapy. It was important for the therapist to ensure that any goals were realistic and achievable in the timeframe and this was conveyed to Jane (Padesky Greenberger, 1995). Jane wanted to reduce her anxiety and expressed these goals:- 1. To understand why I have panic attacks. 2. To have an anxiety free day. 3. To reduce the amount of time worrying . To reduce obsessive hand washing at home. Case Formulation Jane stated that for about a year she had been repeating certain behaviours, which she believed prevented her from having panic attacks. This involved Jane washing her hands and any surrounding objects at least twice. Jane had a fear of consuming alcohol/drugs/caffeine/artificial sweeteners, she stated she had had her first panic attack the day afte r drinking alcohol and had read that all these substances could increase her anxiety. Jane had not drunk alcohol for 18 months as she felt this caused her anxiety and made her nable to control the panic attacks. You read "Cbt Case Study" in category "Essay examples" Jane stated she feared that if any of these substances got on her hands and then into her mouth she would have a panic attack and faint. These beliefs increased Jane’s anxiety when Jane was exposed to any environment where these substances were present. This unfortunately was most of the time, Jane stated that every time she saw any of these substances consumed or even placed near her, she became anxious and had to wash her hands and any surrounding items which she may come into contact with again. These safety behaviours maintained the cycle of panic, Jane would always continue the routines that she believed prevented a panic attack. The worst case scenario for Jane was â€Å"the panic would never stop and I will go mad, causing my boyfriend to leave me†. Jane felt this would make everyone realise what she already knew, that she was worthless. Her last panic attack happened when Jane had visited her GP; this caused Jane feelings of shame. â€Å"There’s all these people achieving, doing great things and I can’t do the most basic things† The therapist used the Cognitive Model of Panic (Clark, 1986), initially developing the three key elements of the model to help socialise Jane to the thoughts, feelings and behaviour cycle (see diagram below) Cognitive Model of Panic Bodily sensations Emotional response Thought about sensation Clark (1986) Using a panic diary and a diary of obsessive-compulsive rituals, Jane was asked to keep a record of situations during the week where she felt anxious, and this was discussed in the next session. Jane stated she had not had any panic during the week, when discussing previous panic attacks during the session, Jane became anxious and the therapist used this incident to develop the following formulation. Heart beating fast/increase in body temperature Fear/dread I feel hot, I can’t control it Clark (1986) Jane stated she felt like she was sweating, she had difficulty breathing; felt faint, had feelings of not being here and felt like she was going crazy. All these symptoms suggested that Jane was experiencing a panic attack and Jane met the criteria for Panic Disorder, defined in the DSM IV and states that â€Å"panic attacks be recurrent and unexpected, at least one of the attacks be followed by at least one month of persistent concern about having additional attacks, worry about the implications or consequence of the attack, or a significant change in behaviour related to the attacks† (APA, 1994). During the sessions the therapist continued to socialise Jane to the model of panic (Clark, 1986); together Jane and the therapist looked at what kept the cycle going. The therapist continued to use the model formulation, with the addition of Jane’s catastrophic interpretation of bodily symptoms, to illustrate the connection between negative thoughts, emotion, physical symptoms. Social situation I will be unable to stay here Everyone will notice I am not coping I’m going to faint Sweating/breathing fast/dizzy Clark’s (1986) Cognitive Model of Panic. Progress of Treatment The therapist hypothesised that Jane’s symptoms continued due to Jane not understanding the physiological effects of anxiety. The results were a misinterpretation of what would happen to her while being anxious, and this maintained the panic cycle. Although Jane tried to avoid any anxiety by using safety behaviours, she eventually increased the anxiety she experienced. Session 1 After the initial assessment sessions, the therapist and Jane agreed to 8 sessions, with a review after 6 sessions. Jane and the therapist discussed that there may only be a small amount of progress or change during the sessions due to the complexity of Jane’s diagnosis and agreed to focus on understanding the cycle of panic (Clark, 1986) From the information gained from the formulation process, the therapist tried psycho education. The therapist was attempting to illicit a shift in Jane’s belief about what, how and why these symptoms were happening. The therapist discussed with Jane what she knew about anxiety and from this the therapist discovered that Jane was unsure of what anxiety was and the effects on the body. For the first few appointments the therapist knew it could be beneficial to concentrate on relaying information about anxiety, (Clark et al, 1989) focusing on Jane’s specific beliefs anxiety, the therapist wanted to try to reduce the problem by helping Jane recognise the connection between her symptoms. As Jane believed, â€Å"she was going mad†, the therapist was trying to help Jane understand the CBT model of anxiety and to alter Jane’s misunderstanding of the symptoms. The therapist and Jane discussed Jane’s belief that she would faint if she panicked, Jane had fixed beliefs about why she fainted. The therapist attempted to enable Jane to describe how her anxiety affected her during a ‘usual panic’. Instead Jane began to describe symptoms of social anxiety, this suggested to the therapist that the main problems could be a combination of /social phobia and obsessive behaviours; the following dialogue may help to illustrate this. T. When you begin to become anxious, what goes through your head? J. I need a backup plan; I need to know how to get out of there. Especially if it’s in an office, or a small room. T. What would happen if you did not get out? J. I would panic, and then pass out T. What would the reasons be for you to pass out? J. Because I was panicking. T. Have you passed out before when you have panicked? J. I have felt like it. T. So what sensations do you have when you’re panicking? J. The feeling rises up, I feel hot and I can’t see straight. I get red flashes in front of my eyes, like a warning. My vision goes hazy. I think everyone is looking at me. T. Do you think other people can see this? J. Yes. T. What do you think they see? J. That I’m struggling and I cannot cope or, I try to get out of the situation by pretending I feel ill before they notice. T. What would they notice, what would be different about you? J. I stick out like a beacon, I’m sweating, loads of sweat and my face is bright red. T. How red would your face be, as red as that â€Å"No Smoking† sign on the wall? J. Yes! I’m dripping with sweat and my eyes are really staring, feels like they stick out like in a cartoon, it’s ridiculous. T. How long before you would leave the situation? J. Sometimes the feeling goes, like I can control it. But I could not leave. There would be a stigma and then I could not go back, the anxiety would increase in that environment or somewhere similar. The therapist persisted with this example and tried to use guided discovery to help Jane get a more balanced view of the situation. (Padesky and Greenberger, 1995) T. So you would not go back? J. I would if I felt safe, like with my boyfriend or I could leave whenever I wanted to. It’s the last straw if I have to go. It makes it even harder. T. You say that sometimes it goes away. What’s different about then and times when you have to leave? J. It’s like I just know I have to leave. T. What do you think may happen if you stay with the feelings? J. That I will pass out. T. hat would that mean if you passed out? J. It would be the ultimate. It would mean that I could not cope with the situation. T. If you could not cope what would that mean? J. I can’t function, I can’t do anything. I‘m just no use. T. How much do you believe that? Can you rate it out of 100%? J. Now. About 60% if I did faint it would be about 100% T. Have you ever fainted due t o the sensations you have described to me? J. No. I have fainted because I’m squeamish. I don’t like blood. Or having any kind of tests at the GP. T. So do I understand you? You have never fainted due to the panic sensations? J. No. I’ve felt like it. T. So you’ve never passed out due to the symptoms? What do you make that? J. I don’t know, that would mean that what I believe is stupid. It’s hard to get my head around it. Session 2-3 The therapist used a social phobia/panic rating scale measures to ascertain the main problem; this was increasingly difficult as throughout each session the patient expanded on her symptoms. The therapist managed to understand that the patient avoided most social situations due to her beliefs about certain substances; this caused the obsessive hand-washing. This then had an impact on Jane’s ability to go anywhere in case she could not wash herself or objects around her. Jane also believed fainting from blood phobia had the same physical effects as panic, and she would faint if she panicked. It was complicated and the therapist attempted to draw out a formulation. I SEE A PERSON DRINKING ALCOHOL IT’S GOING TO GET ON MY HANDS AND INTO MY MOUTH I FEEL SICK, I’M GOING TO FAINT I FEEL DREAD, I FEEL ANXIOUS, SWEATING I MUST WASH MY HANDS TO STOP THE PANIC GETTING WORSE. Session 4 The formulation shows the extent of Jane’s panic and how her safety behaviours were impacting on all aspects of her life. The therapist attempted again to use information about the causes of anxiety and its effects on the body. The therapist explained what happens when you faint due to blood phobia, this was an attempt to supply Jane with counter evidence for her catastrophic interpretations of her panic. The therapist also used evidence to contrast the effects on the body when fainting and when panicking. After two sessions, the therapist continued to provide and attempted to relay the facts about the nature of anxiety/panic/fainting with the inclusion of behavioural experiments. Educational procedures are a valid part of overall cognitive restructuring strategies, incorporated with questioning evidence for misinterpretations and behavioural experiments (Wells, 1997) The therapist asked Jane to explain to the therapist the function/effects of adrenalin, to see if Jane was beginning to understand and if there had been any shift in her beliefs about panic. The following dialogue may help to illustrate the difficulties the therapist encountered; T. Over the last few sessions, we have been discussing anxiety and the function of adrenalin. Do you understand the physical changes we have looked at? Does it make sense to you? J. Yes. Something has clicked inside my head. I feel less insane now, I understand more about what’s going on. It makes things a little bit easier, but it takes time for it to sink in. T. Do you think you could explain to me what you understand about anxiety/adrenalin? J. As I interpret it is, I like to think of it as, â€Å"I’m not anxious it’s just my adrenalin, It’s just the effects of adrenalin effecting my body† but it’s hard to get from there, to accepting the adrenalin is not going to harm me. I know logically it’s not. But it’s still hard. T. That’s great you’re beginning to question what you have believed and are thinking there may be other explanations for your symptoms. J. Yes. But I still think it’s to do with luck. I have good or bad luck each day and that predicts whether I have a panic or not. I think I’ll be unlucky soon. Session 5-6 The therapist continued to try use behavioural experiments during the sessions to provide further evidence to try to alter Jane’s beliefs about anxiety. The therapist agreed with Jane that they would imitate all the symptoms of panic. Making the room hot, exercising to increase heart rate and body temperature, hyperventilation (ten minutes) Focusing on breathing/swallowing. This continued for most of session 5. As neither the therapist nor Jane fainted, they discussed this and Jane stated it was different in the session than when she with other people. Jane also stated she felt safe and trusted the therapist, she did not believe she could be strong enough to try the experiments alone, as it was â€Å"too scary† The therapist asked Jane to draw a picture of how she felt and put them on the diagram of a person, this then was used to compare with anxiety symptoms, while talking through them with the therapist. The therapist and Jane created a survey about fainting and Jane took this away as homework to gain further evidence. The survey included 6 different questions about fainting e. g. – What people knew about fainting/how they would feel about seeing someone faint, etc. Treatment Outcome The treatment with Jane continues. The next session will be the 6th and there will be a review of progress and any improvements. There has been no improvement in measures as noted yet. The therapist intends to use a panic rating scale (PRS) Wells, (1997) during the next session. The therapist will continue to see Jane for two more sess ions, looking at what Jane has found helpful/unhelpful. Discussion Overall the therapist found the therapy unsuccessful. Although Jane stated she found it helpful, it was difficult for the therapist to see the progress due to the many layers of complexity of Jane’s diagnosis. The therapist has grown more confident in the CBT process and understands that as a trainee, the therapist tried to incorporate all the new skills within each session. The therapist was disappointed that they were unable to guide Jane through the therapy process with a better result. The therapist would have like to have been able to fully establish an understanding of Jane’s complex symptoms earlier on in the therapy. The therapist believes that Jane’s symptoms were very complex and the therapist may have been more successful with a client with a less complicated diagnosis. The therapist would then be able to gain more information via the appropriate measures to enable the formulations in a concise manner. This has been a huge learning curve for the therapist and has encouraged them to seek out continuing CBT supervision within the therapist’s workplace. This is essential to continue the development of the therapist’s skills. The therapist feels that although this has not had the outcome that the therapist would have wanted, it has been a positive experience for Jane. There appeared to be a successful therapeutic relationship, Jane appeared comfortable and able to communicate what her problems were to the therapist from the beginning of therapy. The therapist hopes this will encourage Jane to engage with further CBT therapy in the future and the therapist over the final session hopes to be able to support Jane in creating a therapy blueprint, reviewing what Jane has found helpful. Certificate in CBT September – December 2009 CBT Case Study Panic/Social Phobia/OCD WORD COUNT 3,400 References APA (1994). Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Padesky, C. A Greenberger, D. (1995). Clinicians Guide to Mind Over Mood. New York: Guilford Padesky, C. A Greenberger, D. (1995). Mind Over Mood. New York: Guilford Wells, A (1997). Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders. Chichester, UK: Wiley How to cite Cbt Case Study, Free Case study samples

Run Charts Essay Example For Students

Run Charts Essay The reason that leads to this problem to occurs because of poor in inventory systems and management. Tip Top Market may not updated their inventory daily, so that they did not recognize items that are out of stocks, Furthermore, they may not pay attention on products which have higher demands. The second highest was made on store conditions or maintenance. From the Figure I total of 38 complaints were made and out of that 27 complaints were made before the implementation of changes and the remaining of 11 complaints were made after that. Complaints come because customers did not satisfy with the store conditions especially with air conditioning either its too warm or too old. This can happen because they did not control their level of air conditioning. They should adjust the level according to the conditions in the supermarket. Poor instance, keep the air conditioning slow venue there are many people in the supermarket and vice versa. In addition, there are complaints were made on cleanliness and maintenance Of the store. Service and charging been ranked at number three as can be seen in Figure 1. 2. Total of 29 complaints were made during June 1 until July 13 and 2 complaints were on July 20. These complaints come at checkout lines which customers deals with the cashiers. A cashier was the front line worker and carried the company image. Out of total of 31 complaints, 6 complaints were made on attitude of the cashier. The remaining complaints were made on overcharging and undercharging the items. This may happen because of the possibility of old and slow teller machine, mistakenly key in the price and the scanner did not work properly, From the Figure I out of 184 complaints, 26 complaints were made on products quality. All these complaints were made before the changes been implemented. These things happened because Tip Top Markets did not put standardization on quality. Furthermore, there is possibility that Quality Teams that Tip Top Markets had did not do their job properly. They did not check hundred percents (100%) when they products arrive to their warehouse. Moreover, 13 complaints were made on others which are indirectly related as been shown in Figure 1. 7. For instance, customers did not find things that they need, lost of child, wallet and unsatisfied with the service around the Tip Top Markets. Based on that, II complaints were made on the last seven weeks ND 2 complaints made during the two weeks after the changes had been implemented. These complaints arise because of they did not give a full attention in management systems. In addition, from the Figure 1 9 complaints were made because of too long in waiting lines at the checkout. Out of that, 8 complaints were made on June 1 until July 13 and 1 complaint was made after two weeks of changes been implemented. Long waiting lines at checkout lines may cause from several reasons such as too many customers in a day because it is either early or end f the month where peoples get their salary, Tip Top Markets having a sale, few checkout lines were on operation, problems with the cash register machine and items that customers had did not have a price tag and they have to wait for the cashier or other workers to get a new items which have price tag on it. Lastly, 6 complaints were made on pricing. This can be seen in Figure 1. 1 where 3 complaints were made before the implementation and another 3 complaints after the implementation. This may happen because Of mistakenly read and keying the barded.

Henry Peach Robinson Essay Essay Example

Henry Peach Robinson Essay Essay Henry Peach Robinson one time said the lines â€Å"It was shortly apparent in my diggingss that I had become a unsafe moonstruck. and there would be nil left to destruct if strong steps were non taken. So I was turned out of the house. but it was merely into the garden. where I was allowed to construct a little darkroom of oilcloth. † This was his description of his great love and energy for picture taking ( Getty ) . Not all people in the universe can make the things they like. Furthermore. non all people in the universe started on top. In Henry Peach Robinson’s instance. he had to cover on his passion utilizing the things he has on manus. We will write a custom essay sample on Henry Peach Robinson Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Henry Peach Robinson Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Henry Peach Robinson Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He started at the bottom being little but he has so finished great. Henry Peach Robinson’s composite exposure were the 1s that molded the early or first old ages of picture taking ( Encarta ) . He was born in Ludlow. Shropshire on the 9th of July 1830 and died at the age of 71 on the 21st of February 1901 ( Invaluable ) . He is of British nationality considered as the individual responsible for establishing what is called the pictorialist school of picture taking. He foremost began his calling as a painter before he came to develop an involvement in picture taking. He is ill-famed with his complex exposure which are images being made through the usage of a procedure similar to picture ( Cleveland Museum of Arts ) . He opened a portrayal studio in 1857 which is where he developed his involvement in the composite exposure of Oscar Rejlander ( Invaluable ) . There is a possibility that it was besides Oscar Family Name 2 Rejlander who introduced him foremost to the technique of combination printing ( Rleggat ) . â€Å"When the Day’s Work is Done†is considered to be one of his most celebrated plants. It is this exposure that he narrated and quoted the lines â€Å"One of the best theoretical accounts I of all time employed was an old adult male of 74. He was a crossing-sweeper. I should neer hold accomplished one of my best plant if I had non seen him sitting at a tabular array in my studio. waiting. boulder clay I could speak to him. I non merely saw the old adult male at that place. but mentally. the old lady. and the inside of the cottage†¦ The old adult male. by his attitude and look. gave the source of the thought ; the old lady had to be found. and the bungalow built. but they appeared to me so rather visibly and solidly. † The transcripts of which have greater figure than any other exposure of him. When the Day’s Work is Done is comprised of a combination print of six different negatives. He took this image in the twelvemonth 1877 ( Getty ) . Aside from When the Day’s Work is Done. a batch of attending besides went to a exposure he made that he called â€Å"Fading Away. † He used a sum of five negatives. props and make-up to bring forth the controversial end product ( Encarta ) . He took the exposure in the twelvemonth 1858 that presented a deceasing miss being surrounded by her household. This was one of his earliest and most controversial creative activity. Prince Albert is one of the individuals who was captivated with his manner of making images which made him include this in his aggregations ( Cleveland Museum of Art ) . Henry Peach Robinson created a figure of exposure some which viz. are She Never Told Her Love ( 1857 ) . Foxgloves and Ferns ( 1882 ) . Carrolling ( 1887 ) . Horse and Groom ( 1863 ) . Storm Cleaning Off ( 1894 ) . A Merry Tale ( 1882 ) . Dawn and Sunset ( 1885 ) . Here They Are. and many others ( Invaluable ) . Family Name 3 Included in the obstructions that Robinson had to confront were contentions associating to his creative activities. Fading Away was one of his plants that was ostracized because the topic is non suited for picture taking. Another was the struggle between the art and scientific discipline of picture taking. He besides received protests when he told the populace about the methods he used in making images in an assembly of the Photographic Society of Scotland. He so created a decision to neer state his secrets in his plants but alternatively go forth the people to bask his trade ( Rleggat ) . In the book Pictorial Effect in Photography. he wrote that â€Å"Any contrivance. fast one and incantation of any sort is unfastened to the photographer’s use†¦ . It is his imperative responsibility to avoid the mean. the base and the ugly. and to take to promote his subject†¦ . and to rectify the unpicturesque†¦ . A great trade can be done and really beautiful images made. by a mixture of the existent and the artificial in a image. † He wanted to state that it is the responsibility of an creative person to utilize ways and means that will farther do their work beautiful therefore. conveying their work to a following degree end product. He besides said that a individual can heighten a batch more and better the things they see if they see it through an artist’s eyes ; that people see lesser on things they see before them unless they are trained to use it in a particular manner ( Rleggat ) . Since Henry Peach Robinson exhibited a batch extensively. he has been able to have awards and acknowledgment for his work. Receiving a figure of greater than 100 decorations. awards and awards. he was besides a position-holder in the Royal Photographic Society being their vice-president in 1887 and was awarded an Honorary Family in 1900. A portion of his accomplishments are besides printing legion articles and books totaling to 10. He had associations with Linked Ring. Photographic Exchange Club and the Amateur Photographic Association ( Cleveland Museum of Arts ) . The books titled Pictorial Effect in Photography. Family Name 4 Being Hints on Composition and Chiaroscuro for Photographers were published foremost in 1868 ( Getty ) . Henry besides produced pictural exposure of forest and other scenes though he is known in combination printing ( Rleggat ) . WHEN THE DAY’S WORK IS DONE DAWN AND SUNSET Family Name 5 Works Cited â€Å"Auction monetary value consequences: H Prunus persica Robinson – 1830-1901. † Invaluable. 4 May 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. priceless. com/catalog/searchLots. cfm? scp=m A ; artistRef=84WVJ6ZEY 4 A ; ord=2 A ; a d=DESC A ; alF=1/ gt ; â€Å"Henry spill the beans Robinson. † Artfact. 4 May 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. artfact. com/site/auction-lot/henry-peach-robinson-1830-1901- 84wvj6zey4-0-m-wp49yofj0h/ gt ; â€Å"Henry spill the beans Robinson. † Cleveland Museum of Art. 4 May 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //cma- Ohio. org/Explore/artist. asp? searchText=henry+peach+robinson A ; tab= 1 A ; recNo=0 A ; bio=full A ; displa y=/ gt ; â€Å"Henry Peach Robinson. † Getty. 4 May 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. getty. edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails? maker=1972/ gt ; â€Å"Henry spill the beans Robinson. † Holla. 4 May 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //holla. co. kr/gallery_board/ ? p=view A ; tb=photo A ; keyword= A ; page=1 A ; keyfield= A ; id=187/ gt ; â€Å"Henry spill the beans Robinson. † Invaluable. 4 May 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. priceless. com/artist/robinson-henry-peach-84wvj6zey4/ gt ; â€Å"Henry spill the beans Robinson. † Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2009. 4 May 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761579417/Robinson_Henry_Peach. html/ gt ; â€Å"Henry spill the beans Robinson. † Rleggat. 4 May 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. rleggat. com/photohistory/history/robinson. htm/ gt ; â€Å"When the day’s work is done. † Getty. 4 May 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. getty. edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails? artobj=39351/ gt ;

Free Essays on Black Feminism

African & African-American Feminism, The Black Woman’s Search for her Identity and Role in Society Although women have been involved to some degree in all kinds of organizations in Africa and America from church groups to liberation movements, in many ways it was the trade union movements that became the spawning ground for women organizers and in which women first rose to positions of importance in Africa. Black women in America moved forward in the attempts of showing the importance, necessity and urgency of a movement and addressing the ways racism, sexism and classism all work together to perpetuate each other. They addressed the needs that were ignored by white women and black men in the women’s and liberation movement. The struggle to correlate these two areas of black women’s lives encompuses the goals and mission of each movement and therefore allows black women to be whole in their personal and political lives. The movement spawned several important organizations in the early 1970’s that are committed to struggle against all forms of oppression. The organizing of women in Africa began in the 1920s, principally in the laundry, clothing, mattress, furniture and baking industries. While several black national federations were formed and dissolved, the one that endured was the Non-European Trade Union Federation, formed in 1928. Their position was that racial divisions should not split a union. They sought free compulsory education for all races and an end to employment discrimination by incorporating education and training for all races. Women were being both organized and trained to lead. However, black women who participated in the liberation movement and the women’s movement in America were often discriminated against in several different ways. They were discriminated against economically, sexually, and racially. The liberation movement offered sexual discrimination towards the women through issues th... Free Essays on Black Feminism Free Essays on Black Feminism African & African-American Feminism, The Black Woman’s Search for her Identity and Role in Society Although women have been involved to some degree in all kinds of organizations in Africa and America from church groups to liberation movements, in many ways it was the trade union movements that became the spawning ground for women organizers and in which women first rose to positions of importance in Africa. Black women in America moved forward in the attempts of showing the importance, necessity and urgency of a movement and addressing the ways racism, sexism and classism all work together to perpetuate each other. They addressed the needs that were ignored by white women and black men in the women’s and liberation movement. The struggle to correlate these two areas of black women’s lives encompuses the goals and mission of each movement and therefore allows black women to be whole in their personal and political lives. The movement spawned several important organizations in the early 1970’s that are committed to struggle against all forms of oppression. The organizing of women in Africa began in the 1920s, principally in the laundry, clothing, mattress, furniture and baking industries. While several black national federations were formed and dissolved, the one that endured was the Non-European Trade Union Federation, formed in 1928. Their position was that racial divisions should not split a union. They sought free compulsory education for all races and an end to employment discrimination by incorporating education and training for all races. Women were being both organized and trained to lead. However, black women who participated in the liberation movement and the women’s movement in America were often discriminated against in several different ways. They were discriminated against economically, sexually, and racially. The liberation movement offered sexual discrimination towards the women through issues th...

Joyce Carol Oates' Blonde Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Joyce Carol Oates' Blonde - Essay Example â€Å"â€Å"Oates oozes testosterone and his latest book is aggressive and daring. Wants us to look to a mythical character with new eyes, but not with the camera, but with our human eyes. " "In terms of Marilyn Monroe, the public always stayed outside and looked inward, but here in this new and exciting novel, Blonde, Joyce Carol Oates reverses this process to be planted inside the tortured psyche actress to finish off a disturbingly intimate portrait. " Oates released Corsets journalistic archiconocidos re-narration of facts and true mastery created with a powerful American tragedy deeply disturbing. so many stories that have already taken root in your mind. But his strength and talent is to simply point the details and bring her back to life, her and the whole century: the naked girl, red velvet, the soles of his feet. Help, I feel that life is about "Marilyn Monroe was pure fire, sexuality skin deep, turbulent romances;. But it was also fragile, a frightened woman and full of insecurities that sought in others-Ex-Athlete, the Playwright or President- love that she refused An iconic artist freight conflicts and fears, passions unleashed; A girl who never stopped fleeing forward, and came to cheat death itself to become a comprehensive Leyenda.Tras documentation, Joyce Carol Oates redraws the inner life of Norma Jeane Baker -the little fatherless women dependent on tranquilizers and stimulants, the ill-fated actress and lover and his "Magic Friend mirror", the blonde who idolized the world came to known as Marilyn Monroe. The expectations at every moment of leisure must be calculated because if you stay away, the approach is successful, but if you feel too illusion, this will break. This recommendation will keep the ways to not cause tripping or falling (Oates 45). Fall like that experienced a young Southern belle who sought goodness in others, the love he had not itself, consideration denying her mother. Thus, three strokes remains blurred sad,

Business and sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business and sustainability - Essay Example However, the introduction of the approach that â€Å"cleantech† offers is something of a different entity entirely. As such, cleantech necessarily refers to the way in which technology can be utilized both as a means of providing a diminished negative impact upon the environment as well as providing a superior level of performance at lower cost. In such a way, cleantech is able to not only benefit the interests of the natural environment but also benefit the interests of stakeholders within the firm that seek to maximize revenue by increasing efficiency and productivity. In such a way, the utilization of cleantech comes to be something of a win – win situation. Whereas it is oftentimes seen that businesses and industry can only maximize profits through increasing production, cleantech necessarily promotes the understanding that changes in technology necessarily promote increase in efficiency that has a positive impact upon overall profits as well as a diminished negativ e impact that the process of production might necessarily engaged the environment. As a function of understanding and describing cleantech to a more full and complete degree, the following analysis will be concentric upon the means by which cleantech is ultimately the definition of a sustainable business. Before delving directly and answering whether cleantech is or is not the hallmark of sustainability, it must be necessary to understand the cleantech, and the application thereof, necessitates that the industry/firm in question be perennially aware and cognizant of whatever changes might be taking place within the technological environment. The reason that this awareness is so necessary is due to the fact that the firm will not be able to integrate with these technological changes and thereby enhance their overall efficiency unless they are continually seeking means by which the process in which they engage can be streamlined. Although cleantech represents an important progression with regards to the way in which business/industry seeks to integrate both with the needs to generate income and the needs to preserve the environment, it would not be fair to say that sustainable business is all about cleantech. The reason for this is due to the fact that sustainability and business cannot and should not be defined based upon cleantech alone. In such a way, cleantech should be viewed as a process and means whereby a firm/industry can seek to benefit itself with the tangential benefit of benefitting the environment. Although this is a net positive for all players involved, it nonetheless does not have sustainability as its primary mission or goal. Instead, it merely allows for the ancillary benefit of environmental consciousness. An obvious example of the way in which cleantech works in order to benefit both the company and the environment would necessarily be the utilization of a better and more efficient process of production than had previously been employed. Mor eover, the process itself is not the sole contingent category; instead, the actual inputs to the process or the building or facility within which the product is created can also include components of cleantech. In short, cleanteach is not restricted to a simplistic understanding of the components of any particular project. As such, the range and scope of materials and processes which it includes is so broad as

Arthur Conan-Doyles Sherlock Holmes and the Modern-Day Interpretations Research Paper

Arthur Conan-Doyles Sherlock Holmes and the Modern-Day Interpretations - Research Paper Example Perhaps no character in literary history is more beloved than Sherlock Holmes. Known for his powers of deduction, Holmes is able to solve crimes with precision by using these immense powers. Holmes is also considerably charismatic. In the American version of Holmes, called Elementary, Holmes is a recovering drug addict, and Watson his sober companion. They both live in New York City in this version, in the modern day. In the BBC version, called simply Sherlock, the characters are more traditional, in that they are both men, but, they, too, are in the modern day – modern day London. There are many differences between the modern adaptations and the novel version of Sherlock Holmes. The two adaptations are considerably different from one another as well. It is not just that Watson is a woman in the American version, and that Sherlock and Watson are in modern day London in the BBC version. It is the overall tone and feel of the characters – Sherlock is very different in all three versions, and Watson is as well. Sherlock knows considerably more in the modern adaptations than he does in the novel version. There is an erotic subtext in both the American version and the BBC version, although, in the American version, the erotic subtext is more â€Å"acceptable† as the characters are of the opposite sex from one another. Drug abuse is handled differently in all three versions as well. What is clear is that, while all three versions, and all other versions of Sherlock Holmes, are different from one another, they all have a charismatic Holmes at the center, which is why they all are successful in their own right.